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Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm

In winter 2018, a massive type D/C cattle botulism outbreak occurred on a mixed dairy and broiler farm in France. An investigation was conducted based on the hypothesis of asymptomatic carriage in poultry. We set out to identify the source of contamination of the dairy cattle and to monitor the cont...

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Autores principales: Souillard, Rozenn, Grosjean, Daniel, Le Gratiet, Thibault, Poezevara, Typhaine, Rouxel, Sandra, Balaine, Loïc, Macé, Sabrina, Martin, Laure, Anniballi, Fabrizio, Chemaly, Marianne, Le Bouquin, Sophie, Le Maréchal, Caroline
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8279769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276611
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.679377
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author Souillard, Rozenn
Grosjean, Daniel
Le Gratiet, Thibault
Poezevara, Typhaine
Rouxel, Sandra
Balaine, Loïc
Macé, Sabrina
Martin, Laure
Anniballi, Fabrizio
Chemaly, Marianne
Le Bouquin, Sophie
Le Maréchal, Caroline
author_facet Souillard, Rozenn
Grosjean, Daniel
Le Gratiet, Thibault
Poezevara, Typhaine
Rouxel, Sandra
Balaine, Loïc
Macé, Sabrina
Martin, Laure
Anniballi, Fabrizio
Chemaly, Marianne
Le Bouquin, Sophie
Le Maréchal, Caroline
author_sort Souillard, Rozenn
collection PubMed
description In winter 2018, a massive type D/C cattle botulism outbreak occurred on a mixed dairy and broiler farm in France. An investigation was conducted based on the hypothesis of asymptomatic carriage in poultry. We set out to identify the source of contamination of the dairy cattle and to monitor the contamination of broilers over time, including the hatchery delivering chicks to the farm. Environmental samples were collected on the farm during the cattle outbreak (n = 40), after the outbreak for three successive broiler flocks (n = 128), and once in the hatchery delivering the chicks (n = 58). These samples were analyzed using real-time PCR after an enrichment step to detect Clostridium botulinum type D/C. The results showed contamination in the manure from the broilers raised just before the onset of the cattle outbreak (5 + /5), as well as in some of the components of the cattle ration (3 + /17). This latter contamination is likely due to the use of the same tractor bucket to remove litter from the poultry house and to prepare the cattle ration on the same day. Contamination monitoring over several months revealed continuous asymptomatic carriage in the broilers (4 + /20 and 17 + /20 cloacal swabs in 2 successive flocks), a persistence of C. botulinum type D/C in the ventilation system of the poultry house (8 + /14), and contamination of the equipment coming from the hatchery used for delivering the chicks (3 + /18). Further investigations conducted in the hatchery demonstrated contamination in the hatchery by C. botulinum type D/C (6 + /58). Comparison of samples using a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis showed the same profile for samples collected on broilers, cattle and in the hatchery. This study highlighted the crucial role of the implementation of biosecurity measures in mixed farms to avoid cross-contamination between production units given the potential asymptomatic carriage of poultry. This study also revealed the contamination of the poultry hatchery. Further investigations are required to better understand the role of hatcheries in the epidemiology of animal botulism.
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spelling pubmed-82797692021-07-15 Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm Souillard, Rozenn Grosjean, Daniel Le Gratiet, Thibault Poezevara, Typhaine Rouxel, Sandra Balaine, Loïc Macé, Sabrina Martin, Laure Anniballi, Fabrizio Chemaly, Marianne Le Bouquin, Sophie Le Maréchal, Caroline Front Microbiol Microbiology In winter 2018, a massive type D/C cattle botulism outbreak occurred on a mixed dairy and broiler farm in France. An investigation was conducted based on the hypothesis of asymptomatic carriage in poultry. We set out to identify the source of contamination of the dairy cattle and to monitor the contamination of broilers over time, including the hatchery delivering chicks to the farm. Environmental samples were collected on the farm during the cattle outbreak (n = 40), after the outbreak for three successive broiler flocks (n = 128), and once in the hatchery delivering the chicks (n = 58). These samples were analyzed using real-time PCR after an enrichment step to detect Clostridium botulinum type D/C. The results showed contamination in the manure from the broilers raised just before the onset of the cattle outbreak (5 + /5), as well as in some of the components of the cattle ration (3 + /17). This latter contamination is likely due to the use of the same tractor bucket to remove litter from the poultry house and to prepare the cattle ration on the same day. Contamination monitoring over several months revealed continuous asymptomatic carriage in the broilers (4 + /20 and 17 + /20 cloacal swabs in 2 successive flocks), a persistence of C. botulinum type D/C in the ventilation system of the poultry house (8 + /14), and contamination of the equipment coming from the hatchery used for delivering the chicks (3 + /18). Further investigations conducted in the hatchery demonstrated contamination in the hatchery by C. botulinum type D/C (6 + /58). Comparison of samples using a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis showed the same profile for samples collected on broilers, cattle and in the hatchery. This study highlighted the crucial role of the implementation of biosecurity measures in mixed farms to avoid cross-contamination between production units given the potential asymptomatic carriage of poultry. This study also revealed the contamination of the poultry hatchery. Further investigations are required to better understand the role of hatcheries in the epidemiology of animal botulism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8279769/ /pubmed/34276611 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.679377 Text en Copyright © 2021 Souillard, Grosjean, Le Gratiet, Poezevara, Rouxel, Balaine, Macé, Martin, Anniballi, Chemaly, Le Bouquin and Le Maréchal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Souillard, Rozenn
Grosjean, Daniel
Le Gratiet, Thibault
Poezevara, Typhaine
Rouxel, Sandra
Balaine, Loïc
Macé, Sabrina
Martin, Laure
Anniballi, Fabrizio
Chemaly, Marianne
Le Bouquin, Sophie
Le Maréchal, Caroline
Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title_full Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title_fullStr Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title_full_unstemmed Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title_short Asymptomatic Carriage of C. botulinum Type D/C in Broiler Flocks as the Source of Contamination of a Massive Botulism Outbreak on a Dairy Cattle Farm
title_sort asymptomatic carriage of c. botulinum type d/c in broiler flocks as the source of contamination of a massive botulism outbreak on a dairy cattle farm
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8279769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276611
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.679377
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