Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: Cancer immunotherapy represents one of the most important innovations in modern medicine. Durvalumab is an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) agent which is currently under investigation in several studies in combination with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) drug tremelimumab. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and revise the current scientific literature investigating the combination of these two drugs in solid tumors. METHODS: A digital search on the Medline (PubMed interface) and Scopus databases for articles published from inception to 26 February 2021 was performed. The terms used for the search were durvalumab AND tremelimumab. Trials reported in English involving adult patients with solid cancers treated with the combination durvalumab plus tremelimumab were retrieved; the references of the articles were cross-checked to identify missing papers. RESULTS: The electronic search produced 267 results; after exclusion of duplicates, irrelevant articles, reviews, and papers not in English or missing data, 19 articles were included for revision. The total number of patients treated with the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab in the studies retrieved was 2052. CONCLUSION: The combination of durvalumab plus tremelimumab showed some oncological advantages in comparison with traditional chemotherapies in some subsets of tumors, but generally has not shown consistent advantages in comparison with the employment of durvalumab monotherapy. A number of the studies examined had intrinsic methodological limitations; therefore, future well-designed studies involving larger cohorts are warranted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01796-6.