New BPD-prevalence and risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia/mortality in extremely low gestational age infants ≤28 weeks

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prevalence and risk factors of moderate-severe Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/Death in extremely low gestation age neonates (ELGANs). STUDY DESIGN: Study of 266 ELGANs born at gestational age (GA) ≤ 28 weeks (w). Primary Outcome measure—composite outcome of moderate-severe BPD/Death using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NICHD’s (2001) BPD definition. RESULT: Cohort’s mean GA and birth-weight (BW) were 25.3 ± 1.4w and 724 ± 14 g respectively with an overall mortality of 19% and moderate-severe BPD of 67%. Prevalence of moderate-severe BPD/death decreased significantly with increasing GA (86–93%) at 23–24 w; to <60% at 27–28w (OR 0.63; 95% CI; 0.52–0.77). On univariate analysis, other risk factors included BW(OR 1.005; 95% CI; 1.003–1.007), Sepsis (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.4), PDA needing treatment (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3–3.9); air leaks (OR 2.7; 95% CI; 1.02–7.3) FiO(2) requirement >25%(OR 1.06; 95% CI; 1.01–1.11); and mechanical ventilation(MV) on Day7 (OR5.5; 95% CI; 2.8–10.8). Only need for Day7 MV was independently predictive of composite outcome (OR1.97; 95% CI; 1.3–3.1). CONCLUSION: Risk factor identification will enable initiatives to implement lung protective strategies and develop prospective models for BPD prediction and prognostication.