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Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates

Fossil-made polymers harbor unique bacterial assemblages, and concerns have been raised that ingested microplastic may affect the consumer gut microbiota and spread pathogens in animal populations. We hypothesized that in an ecotoxicity assay with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and clay: (1) microbio...

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Autores principales: Gorokhova, Elena, Motiei, Asa, El-Shehawy, Rehab
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632947
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author Gorokhova, Elena
Motiei, Asa
El-Shehawy, Rehab
author_facet Gorokhova, Elena
Motiei, Asa
El-Shehawy, Rehab
author_sort Gorokhova, Elena
collection PubMed
description Fossil-made polymers harbor unique bacterial assemblages, and concerns have been raised that ingested microplastic may affect the consumer gut microbiota and spread pathogens in animal populations. We hypothesized that in an ecotoxicity assay with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and clay: (1) microbiome of the test animals inoculates the system with bacteria; (2) relative contribution of PS and the total amount of suspended solids (SS) select for specific bacterial communities; and (3) particle aggregation is affected by biofilm community composition, with concomitant effects on the animal survival. Mixtures of PS and clay at different concentrations of SS (10, 100, and 1000 mg/L) with a varying microplastics contribution (%PS; 0–80%) were incubated with Daphnia magna, whose microbiome served as an inoculum for the biofilms during the exposure. After 4-days of exposure, we examined the biofilm communities by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, particle size distribution, and animal survival. The biofilm communities were significantly different from the Daphnia microbiota used to inoculate the system, with an overrepresentation of predatory, rare, and potentially pathogenic taxa in the biofilms. The biofilm diversity was stimulated by %PS and decreased by predatory bacteria. Particle aggregate size and the biofilm composition were the primary drivers of animal survival, with small particles and predatory bacteria associated with a higher death rate. Thus, in effect studies with solid waste materials, ecological interactions in the biofilm can affect particle aggregation and support potentially harmful microorganisms with concomitant effects on the test animals.
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spelling pubmed-82812552021-07-16 Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates Gorokhova, Elena Motiei, Asa El-Shehawy, Rehab Front Microbiol Microbiology Fossil-made polymers harbor unique bacterial assemblages, and concerns have been raised that ingested microplastic may affect the consumer gut microbiota and spread pathogens in animal populations. We hypothesized that in an ecotoxicity assay with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and clay: (1) microbiome of the test animals inoculates the system with bacteria; (2) relative contribution of PS and the total amount of suspended solids (SS) select for specific bacterial communities; and (3) particle aggregation is affected by biofilm community composition, with concomitant effects on the animal survival. Mixtures of PS and clay at different concentrations of SS (10, 100, and 1000 mg/L) with a varying microplastics contribution (%PS; 0–80%) were incubated with Daphnia magna, whose microbiome served as an inoculum for the biofilms during the exposure. After 4-days of exposure, we examined the biofilm communities by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, particle size distribution, and animal survival. The biofilm communities were significantly different from the Daphnia microbiota used to inoculate the system, with an overrepresentation of predatory, rare, and potentially pathogenic taxa in the biofilms. The biofilm diversity was stimulated by %PS and decreased by predatory bacteria. Particle aggregate size and the biofilm composition were the primary drivers of animal survival, with small particles and predatory bacteria associated with a higher death rate. Thus, in effect studies with solid waste materials, ecological interactions in the biofilm can affect particle aggregation and support potentially harmful microorganisms with concomitant effects on the test animals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8281255/ /pubmed/34276580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632947 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gorokhova, Motiei and El-Shehawy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Gorokhova, Elena
Motiei, Asa
El-Shehawy, Rehab
Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title_full Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title_fullStr Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title_short Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates
title_sort understanding biofilm formation in ecotoxicological assays with natural and anthropogenic particulates
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281255/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632947
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