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Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells circulating throughout the bloodstream and are often considered the frontline defenders in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are increasingly being recognized as having an important role in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis due to their...

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Autores principales: Ronchetti, Livia, Boubaker, Nouha Setti, Barba, Maddalena, Vici, Patrizia, Gurtner, Aymone, Piaggio, Giulia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34261496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02036-z
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author Ronchetti, Livia
Boubaker, Nouha Setti
Barba, Maddalena
Vici, Patrizia
Gurtner, Aymone
Piaggio, Giulia
author_facet Ronchetti, Livia
Boubaker, Nouha Setti
Barba, Maddalena
Vici, Patrizia
Gurtner, Aymone
Piaggio, Giulia
author_sort Ronchetti, Livia
collection PubMed
description Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells circulating throughout the bloodstream and are often considered the frontline defenders in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are increasingly being recognized as having an important role in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis due to their aberrant activation by molecules released into the tumor microenvironment. One defensive response of neutrophils that is aberrantly triggered during the neoplastic process is called NETosis, where activated neutrophils expel their DNA and intracellular contents in a web-like structure known as a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). In cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET structures released by neutrophils can also serve as a scaffold for clot formation, shining new light on the role of neutrophils and NETosis in coagulation-mediated diseases. Here, we review current available knowledge regarding NET and the related NETosis process in cancer patients, with an emphasis on pre-clinical and clinical data fostering the identification and validation of biomarkers of NET with a predictive/prognostic role in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy agents. NETosis biomarkers, e.g., citH3, may integrate correlates of immunogenicity currently available (e.g., PD-L1 expression, TMB, TILs) and help select the subsets of patients who may most benefit from the use of the therapeutic weapons under discussion.
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spelling pubmed-82815782021-07-16 Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes Ronchetti, Livia Boubaker, Nouha Setti Barba, Maddalena Vici, Patrizia Gurtner, Aymone Piaggio, Giulia J Exp Clin Cancer Res Review Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells circulating throughout the bloodstream and are often considered the frontline defenders in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are increasingly being recognized as having an important role in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis due to their aberrant activation by molecules released into the tumor microenvironment. One defensive response of neutrophils that is aberrantly triggered during the neoplastic process is called NETosis, where activated neutrophils expel their DNA and intracellular contents in a web-like structure known as a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). In cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET structures released by neutrophils can also serve as a scaffold for clot formation, shining new light on the role of neutrophils and NETosis in coagulation-mediated diseases. Here, we review current available knowledge regarding NET and the related NETosis process in cancer patients, with an emphasis on pre-clinical and clinical data fostering the identification and validation of biomarkers of NET with a predictive/prognostic role in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy agents. NETosis biomarkers, e.g., citH3, may integrate correlates of immunogenicity currently available (e.g., PD-L1 expression, TMB, TILs) and help select the subsets of patients who may most benefit from the use of the therapeutic weapons under discussion. BioMed Central 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8281578/ /pubmed/34261496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02036-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Ronchetti, Livia
Boubaker, Nouha Setti
Barba, Maddalena
Vici, Patrizia
Gurtner, Aymone
Piaggio, Giulia
Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title_full Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title_fullStr Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title_short Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
title_sort neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281578/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34261496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02036-z
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