Cargando…
Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion
Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others' behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may al...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8282899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628425 |
_version_ | 1783723089527308288 |
---|---|
author | Suarez, Carla Jordão Benvenuti, Marcelo Frota Couto, Kalliu Carvalho Siqueira, José Oliveira Abreu-Rodrigues, Josele Lionello-DeNolf, Karen M. Sandaker, Ingunn |
author_facet | Suarez, Carla Jordão Benvenuti, Marcelo Frota Couto, Kalliu Carvalho Siqueira, José Oliveira Abreu-Rodrigues, Josele Lionello-DeNolf, Karen M. Sandaker, Ingunn |
author_sort | Suarez, Carla Jordão |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others' behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains – when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants' aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who acted as a second participant. In reality, the participant interacted with a computer programed to make cooperative and uncooperative choices. After interacting with a cooperative or uncooperative computer, participants chose between blue cards to produce larger gains to the computer and smaller for him/her or green cards to produce equal and smaller gains for both. Results confirmed our first hypothesis that uncooperative interactions would produce aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Lastly, half of the participants were informed that points received during the experiment could be later exchanged for money, and half were not. Results indicated that information about monetary outcomes did not affect aversion to inequity, contradicting our second hypothesis. We discuss these results in the light of theories of reciprocal cooperation, inequity aversion, and conformity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8282899 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82828992021-07-17 Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion Suarez, Carla Jordão Benvenuti, Marcelo Frota Couto, Kalliu Carvalho Siqueira, José Oliveira Abreu-Rodrigues, Josele Lionello-DeNolf, Karen M. Sandaker, Ingunn Front Psychol Psychology Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others' behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains – when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants' aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who acted as a second participant. In reality, the participant interacted with a computer programed to make cooperative and uncooperative choices. After interacting with a cooperative or uncooperative computer, participants chose between blue cards to produce larger gains to the computer and smaller for him/her or green cards to produce equal and smaller gains for both. Results confirmed our first hypothesis that uncooperative interactions would produce aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Lastly, half of the participants were informed that points received during the experiment could be later exchanged for money, and half were not. Results indicated that information about monetary outcomes did not affect aversion to inequity, contradicting our second hypothesis. We discuss these results in the light of theories of reciprocal cooperation, inequity aversion, and conformity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8282899/ /pubmed/34276465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628425 Text en Copyright © 2021 Suarez, Benvenuti, Couto, Siqueira, Abreu-Rodrigues, Lionello-DeNolf and Sandaker. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Suarez, Carla Jordão Benvenuti, Marcelo Frota Couto, Kalliu Carvalho Siqueira, José Oliveira Abreu-Rodrigues, Josele Lionello-DeNolf, Karen M. Sandaker, Ingunn Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title | Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title_full | Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title_fullStr | Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title_full_unstemmed | Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title_short | Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion |
title_sort | reciprocity with unequal payoffs: cooperative and uncooperative interactions affect disadvantageous inequity aversion |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8282899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628425 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT suarezcarlajordao reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT benvenutimarcelofrota reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT coutokalliucarvalho reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT siqueirajoseoliveira reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT abreurodriguesjosele reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT lionellodenolfkarenm reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion AT sandakeringunn reciprocitywithunequalpayoffscooperativeanduncooperativeinteractionsaffectdisadvantageousinequityaversion |