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Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine

Implicit and explicit self-identification as a drug user specific to the substance used (e.g., viewing oneself as a drinker) have been examined, as they relate to that drug use. However, studies have rarely explored whether identifying as a “drug user” differs implicitly and explicitly for people wh...

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Autores principales: Chen, Jianyong, Zhang, Meng, Zhou, Jifan, Li, Xinyu, Zhang, Feng, Shen, Mowei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685110
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author Chen, Jianyong
Zhang, Meng
Zhou, Jifan
Li, Xinyu
Zhang, Feng
Shen, Mowei
author_facet Chen, Jianyong
Zhang, Meng
Zhou, Jifan
Li, Xinyu
Zhang, Feng
Shen, Mowei
author_sort Chen, Jianyong
collection PubMed
description Implicit and explicit self-identification as a drug user specific to the substance used (e.g., viewing oneself as a drinker) have been examined, as they relate to that drug use. However, studies have rarely explored whether identifying as a “drug user” differs implicitly and explicitly for people who use different drugs and how this identification relates to drug-use behaviors or abstinence. This study examined implicit and explicit self-identification as a “drug user” and their associations with drug-use behaviors and abstinence in people who used heroin (PWUH) and people who used methamphetamine (PWUM). Forty PWUH and 35 PWUM in a rehabilitation facility completed the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT), which evaluated implicit associations of a “drug user” with “self,” and a measure of explicit self-identification as a “drug user.” Prior drug-use behaviors and current abstinence duration of the participants were assessed. PWUH demonstrated stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations and higher levels of explicit self-identification as a “drug user” than PWUM. A higher frequency of drug use was associated with higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity, and longer abstinence duration was positively related to stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations in PWUH. The drug type of heroin (vs. methamphetamine) participants used was associated with a higher frequency of use, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity. Given that the PWUH group differs from the PWUM group in terms of implicit and explicit self-identification as “drug users,” it would be more appropriate to address drug-user self-identity of individuals according to the substance they use rather than as a collective group.
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spelling pubmed-82830002021-07-17 Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine Chen, Jianyong Zhang, Meng Zhou, Jifan Li, Xinyu Zhang, Feng Shen, Mowei Front Psychol Psychology Implicit and explicit self-identification as a drug user specific to the substance used (e.g., viewing oneself as a drinker) have been examined, as they relate to that drug use. However, studies have rarely explored whether identifying as a “drug user” differs implicitly and explicitly for people who use different drugs and how this identification relates to drug-use behaviors or abstinence. This study examined implicit and explicit self-identification as a “drug user” and their associations with drug-use behaviors and abstinence in people who used heroin (PWUH) and people who used methamphetamine (PWUM). Forty PWUH and 35 PWUM in a rehabilitation facility completed the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT), which evaluated implicit associations of a “drug user” with “self,” and a measure of explicit self-identification as a “drug user.” Prior drug-use behaviors and current abstinence duration of the participants were assessed. PWUH demonstrated stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations and higher levels of explicit self-identification as a “drug user” than PWUM. A higher frequency of drug use was associated with higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity, and longer abstinence duration was positively related to stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations in PWUH. The drug type of heroin (vs. methamphetamine) participants used was associated with a higher frequency of use, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity. Given that the PWUH group differs from the PWUM group in terms of implicit and explicit self-identification as “drug users,” it would be more appropriate to address drug-user self-identity of individuals according to the substance they use rather than as a collective group. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8283000/ /pubmed/34276508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685110 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chen, Zhang, Zhou, Li, Zhang and Shen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Chen, Jianyong
Zhang, Meng
Zhou, Jifan
Li, Xinyu
Zhang, Feng
Shen, Mowei
Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title_full Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title_fullStr Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title_full_unstemmed Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title_short Implicit and Explicit Self-Identification as a Drug User in People Who Used Heroin and Methamphetamine
title_sort implicit and explicit self-identification as a drug user in people who used heroin and methamphetamine
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685110
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