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The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa
BACKGROUND: South Africa is disproportionately impacted by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS. We investigated the prevalence of known/unknown NCD risk factors, HIV, and NCD risk factor-HIV comorbidity; and treatment status on known diseases to determine the prevalence of controlled/uncon...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34308316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101015 |
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author | Hopkins, Kathryn L. Hlongwane, Khuthadzo E. Otwombe, Kennedy Dietrich, Janan Cheyip, Mireille Olivier, Jacobus van Rooyen, Heidi Doherty, Tanya Gray, Glenda E. |
author_facet | Hopkins, Kathryn L. Hlongwane, Khuthadzo E. Otwombe, Kennedy Dietrich, Janan Cheyip, Mireille Olivier, Jacobus van Rooyen, Heidi Doherty, Tanya Gray, Glenda E. |
author_sort | Hopkins, Kathryn L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: South Africa is disproportionately impacted by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS. We investigated the prevalence of known/unknown NCD risk factors, HIV, and NCD risk factor-HIV comorbidity; and treatment status on known diseases to determine the prevalence of controlled/uncontrolled disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional study (June 2018-March 2019) within an integrated testing centre in Soweto, South Africa, screened adults (aged ≥18 years) for body mass index (BMI), hypertension (HT), rapid glucose and cholesterol, and HIV. Results were stratified by age group, sex, HIV-status, and self-reported ART use. Analysis included Fisher's exact, chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and Student's T-tests. FINDINGS: Of 780 enrolled participants, 19.2% were HIV-positive, 37.5% were overweight/obese, 18.0% hypertensive, 10.8% hyperglycaemic, and 8.1% had hypercholesterolaemia. Significantly more women had overweight/obese BMI than men (46.8% vs 19.7%; p<0.0001), and women aged 25–34 years had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than same-aged men (18.2% vs 5.6%; p = 0.02). HIV-positive participants had significantly more hyperglycaemia than HIV-negative participants (16.1% vs 9.6%; p = 0.02), and those on ART (63.9%) had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than those not on ART (21.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.002). Of participants with HT, hyperglycaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia; 72.4%, 96.1%, and 93.3% were newly diagnosed. All participants with previously diagnosed NCDs remained with uncontrolled disease. INTERPRETATION: There is a high burden of HIV, NCD risk factors, and comorbidity in Soweto, and amongst young adults (18–34 years), especially women. Lowering age requirements for glucose/cholesterol screening to 18+ years, regardless of BMI, HIV-status, or ART use, may yield timely NCD diagnosis/management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8283339 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82833392021-07-22 The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa Hopkins, Kathryn L. Hlongwane, Khuthadzo E. Otwombe, Kennedy Dietrich, Janan Cheyip, Mireille Olivier, Jacobus van Rooyen, Heidi Doherty, Tanya Gray, Glenda E. EClinicalMedicine Research Paper BACKGROUND: South Africa is disproportionately impacted by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and HIV/AIDS. We investigated the prevalence of known/unknown NCD risk factors, HIV, and NCD risk factor-HIV comorbidity; and treatment status on known diseases to determine the prevalence of controlled/uncontrolled disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional study (June 2018-March 2019) within an integrated testing centre in Soweto, South Africa, screened adults (aged ≥18 years) for body mass index (BMI), hypertension (HT), rapid glucose and cholesterol, and HIV. Results were stratified by age group, sex, HIV-status, and self-reported ART use. Analysis included Fisher's exact, chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and Student's T-tests. FINDINGS: Of 780 enrolled participants, 19.2% were HIV-positive, 37.5% were overweight/obese, 18.0% hypertensive, 10.8% hyperglycaemic, and 8.1% had hypercholesterolaemia. Significantly more women had overweight/obese BMI than men (46.8% vs 19.7%; p<0.0001), and women aged 25–34 years had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than same-aged men (18.2% vs 5.6%; p = 0.02). HIV-positive participants had significantly more hyperglycaemia than HIV-negative participants (16.1% vs 9.6%; p = 0.02), and those on ART (63.9%) had significantly more hypercholesterolaemia than those not on ART (21.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.002). Of participants with HT, hyperglycaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia; 72.4%, 96.1%, and 93.3% were newly diagnosed. All participants with previously diagnosed NCDs remained with uncontrolled disease. INTERPRETATION: There is a high burden of HIV, NCD risk factors, and comorbidity in Soweto, and amongst young adults (18–34 years), especially women. Lowering age requirements for glucose/cholesterol screening to 18+ years, regardless of BMI, HIV-status, or ART use, may yield timely NCD diagnosis/management. Elsevier 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8283339/ /pubmed/34308316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101015 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Hopkins, Kathryn L. Hlongwane, Khuthadzo E. Otwombe, Kennedy Dietrich, Janan Cheyip, Mireille Olivier, Jacobus van Rooyen, Heidi Doherty, Tanya Gray, Glenda E. The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title | The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title_full | The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title_fullStr | The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title_short | The substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and HIV-comorbidity amongst adults: Screening results from an integrated HIV testing services clinic for adults in Soweto, South Africa |
title_sort | substantial burden of non-communicable diseases and hiv-comorbidity amongst adults: screening results from an integrated hiv testing services clinic for adults in soweto, south africa |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8283339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34308316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101015 |
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