N3 (> 6 cm) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: outcomes and predictive factors in 104 patients

OBJECTIVE: To report outcome and predictive factors in patients with N3 (> 6 cm) non-metastatic locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) treated with a conservative approach or with initial surgery. METHODS: 104 patients were included: 69 treated with radiotherapy (RT) ± chemotherapy (CT) and 35 with nodal surgery with or without primary tumour resection, which was completed in 30 patients by adjuvant RT ± CT. Positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) guided surveillance after RT ± CT was standard. RESULTS: Two-year overall survival (OS) and locoregional control (LRC) were 39.4% and 37.5%, respectively. In univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI), performance status (PS), p16 status and haemoglobin value influenced OS and disease-free survival (DFS). In multivariate analysis, p16 positive status and BMI ≥ 25 remained independent prognostic factors for better OS (p = 0.023) and DFS (p = 0.002). Only under/normal weight remained an independent and adverse significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for regional control (RC). Patients treated with primary RT ± CT had slightly better 2-year OS (43.5% versus 33.3%, p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with N3 LAHNSCC have poor prognosis, but long term LRC is achievable, especially in overweight patients and those with a good PS.