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Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task
A critical facet of adjusting one’s behaviour after succeeding or failing at a task is assigning responsibility for the ultimate outcome. Humans have trait- and state-like tendencies to implicate aspects of their own behaviour (called ‘internal’ ascriptions) or facets of the particular task or Lady...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8284820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34228706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009134 |
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author | Mancinelli, Federico Roiser, Jonathan Dayan, Peter |
author_facet | Mancinelli, Federico Roiser, Jonathan Dayan, Peter |
author_sort | Mancinelli, Federico |
collection | PubMed |
description | A critical facet of adjusting one’s behaviour after succeeding or failing at a task is assigning responsibility for the ultimate outcome. Humans have trait- and state-like tendencies to implicate aspects of their own behaviour (called ‘internal’ ascriptions) or facets of the particular task or Lady Luck (’chance’). However, how these tendencies interact with actual performance is unclear. We designed a novel task in which subjects had to learn the likelihood of achieving their goals, and the extent to which this depended on their efforts. High internality (Levenson I-score) was associated with decision making patterns that are less vulnerable to failure. Our computational analyses suggested that this depended heavily on the adjustment in the perceived achievability of riskier goals following failure. We found beliefs about chance not to be explanatory of choice behaviour in our task. Beliefs about powerful others were strong predictors of behaviour, but only when subjects lacked substantial influence over the outcome. Our results provide an evidentiary basis for heuristics and learning differences that underlie the formation and maintenance of control expectations by the self. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8284820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82848202021-07-28 Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task Mancinelli, Federico Roiser, Jonathan Dayan, Peter PLoS Comput Biol Research Article A critical facet of adjusting one’s behaviour after succeeding or failing at a task is assigning responsibility for the ultimate outcome. Humans have trait- and state-like tendencies to implicate aspects of their own behaviour (called ‘internal’ ascriptions) or facets of the particular task or Lady Luck (’chance’). However, how these tendencies interact with actual performance is unclear. We designed a novel task in which subjects had to learn the likelihood of achieving their goals, and the extent to which this depended on their efforts. High internality (Levenson I-score) was associated with decision making patterns that are less vulnerable to failure. Our computational analyses suggested that this depended heavily on the adjustment in the perceived achievability of riskier goals following failure. We found beliefs about chance not to be explanatory of choice behaviour in our task. Beliefs about powerful others were strong predictors of behaviour, but only when subjects lacked substantial influence over the outcome. Our results provide an evidentiary basis for heuristics and learning differences that underlie the formation and maintenance of control expectations by the self. Public Library of Science 2021-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8284820/ /pubmed/34228706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009134 Text en © 2021 Mancinelli et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mancinelli, Federico Roiser, Jonathan Dayan, Peter Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title | Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title_full | Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title_fullStr | Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title_full_unstemmed | Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title_short | Internality and the internalisation of failure: Evidence from a novel task |
title_sort | internality and the internalisation of failure: evidence from a novel task |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8284820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34228706 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009134 |
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