Targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease by teicoplanin: A mechanistic insight by docking, MM/GBSA and molecular dynamics simulation

First emerged in late December 2019, the outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has instigated public-health emergency around the globe. Till date there is no specific therapeutic agent for this disease and hence, the world is craving to identify potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. The main protease (M(Pro)) is considered as an attractive drug target for rational drug design against SARS-CoV-2 as it is known to play a crucial role in the viral replication and transcription. Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide class of antibiotic which is regularly used for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections, has shown potential therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Therefore, in this study, a mechanistic insight of intermolecular interactions between teicoplanin and SARS-CoV-2 M(Pro) has been scrutinized by molecular docking. Both monomeric and dimeric forms of M(Pro) was used in docking involving blind as well as defined binding site based on the known inhibitor. Binding energies of teicoplanin-M(Pro) complexes were estimated by Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) computations from docking and simulated trajectories. The dynamic and thermodynamics constraints of docked drug in complex with target proteins under specific physiological conditions was ascertained by all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of 100 ns trajectory. Root mean square deviation and fluctuation of carbon α chain justified the stability of the bound complex in biological environments. The outcomes of current study are supposed to be fruitful in rational design of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.