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Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease

Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to r...

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Autores principales: Prescott, Jack A., Mitchell, Jennifer P., Cook, Simon J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8286839/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20210139
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author Prescott, Jack A.
Mitchell, Jennifer P.
Cook, Simon J.
author_facet Prescott, Jack A.
Mitchell, Jennifer P.
Cook, Simon J.
author_sort Prescott, Jack A.
collection PubMed
description Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
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spelling pubmed-82868392021-08-02 Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease Prescott, Jack A. Mitchell, Jennifer P. Cook, Simon J. Biochem J Cancer Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors. Portland Press Ltd. 2021-07-16 2021-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8286839/ /pubmed/34269817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20210139 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Cancer
Prescott, Jack A.
Mitchell, Jennifer P.
Cook, Simon J.
Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title_full Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title_fullStr Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title_full_unstemmed Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title_short Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
title_sort inhibitory feedback control of nf-κb signalling in health and disease
topic Cancer
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8286839/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20210139
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