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Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model
Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34291103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.697551 |
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author | Gaesser, Angela M. Underwood, Claire Linardi, Renata L. Even, Kayla M. Reef, Virginia B. Shetye, Snehal S. Mauck, Robert L. King, William J. Engiles, Julie B. Ortved, Kyla F. |
author_facet | Gaesser, Angela M. Underwood, Claire Linardi, Renata L. Even, Kayla M. Reef, Virginia B. Shetye, Snehal S. Mauck, Robert L. King, William J. Engiles, Julie B. Ortved, Kyla F. |
author_sort | Gaesser, Angela M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis model. We hypothesized intralesional injection of APS would result in superior structural and biomechanical healing. SDF tendonitis was induced in both forelimbs of eight horses using collagenase injection. One forelimb was randomly assigned to receive an intralesional injection of APS, while the other was injected with saline. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at weeks −1, 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 following treatment. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanized and SDF samples harvested. Histologic evaluation, biomechanical testing, gene expression analysis, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and total DNA quantification were performed. Collagen type III (COL3A1) expression was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in saline treated tendon than in normal tendon. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in gene expression. There were no significant differences in histologic or ultrasonographic scores between groups. Mean total DNA content was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in saline treated tendons than normal tendons, whereas total DNA content was not significantly different between APS treated tendon and normal tendon. Elastic modulus was higher in APS treated than saline treated tendon, but the difference was not significant. Reduced expression of COL3A1 in APS treated tendon may indicate superior healing. Increased total DNA content in saline treated tendon may indicate ongoing healing processes, vs. APS treated tendons which may be in the later stages of healing. Limitations include a relatively short study period and inconsistency in size and severity of induced lesions. Intralesional injection of APS resulted in some improvements in healing characteristics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8287003 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82870032021-07-20 Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model Gaesser, Angela M. Underwood, Claire Linardi, Renata L. Even, Kayla M. Reef, Virginia B. Shetye, Snehal S. Mauck, Robert L. King, William J. Engiles, Julie B. Ortved, Kyla F. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis model. We hypothesized intralesional injection of APS would result in superior structural and biomechanical healing. SDF tendonitis was induced in both forelimbs of eight horses using collagenase injection. One forelimb was randomly assigned to receive an intralesional injection of APS, while the other was injected with saline. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at weeks −1, 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 following treatment. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanized and SDF samples harvested. Histologic evaluation, biomechanical testing, gene expression analysis, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and total DNA quantification were performed. Collagen type III (COL3A1) expression was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in saline treated tendon than in normal tendon. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in gene expression. There were no significant differences in histologic or ultrasonographic scores between groups. Mean total DNA content was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in saline treated tendons than normal tendons, whereas total DNA content was not significantly different between APS treated tendon and normal tendon. Elastic modulus was higher in APS treated than saline treated tendon, but the difference was not significant. Reduced expression of COL3A1 in APS treated tendon may indicate superior healing. Increased total DNA content in saline treated tendon may indicate ongoing healing processes, vs. APS treated tendons which may be in the later stages of healing. Limitations include a relatively short study period and inconsistency in size and severity of induced lesions. Intralesional injection of APS resulted in some improvements in healing characteristics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8287003/ /pubmed/34291103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.697551 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gaesser, Underwood, Linardi, Even, Reef, Shetye, Mauck, King, Engiles and Ortved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Gaesser, Angela M. Underwood, Claire Linardi, Renata L. Even, Kayla M. Reef, Virginia B. Shetye, Snehal S. Mauck, Robert L. King, William J. Engiles, Julie B. Ortved, Kyla F. Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title | Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title_full | Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title_short | Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model |
title_sort | evaluation of autologous protein solution injection for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in an equine model |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287003/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34291103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.697551 |
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