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Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-r...

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Autores principales: Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos, Martinez, Dora A., Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro, Morales, Liza D., Arya, Rector, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Curran, Joanne E., Lehman, Donna M., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Mummidi, Srinivas, Martinez, Ruben D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34291061
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979
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author Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos
Martinez, Dora A.
Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro
Morales, Liza D.
Arya, Rector
Jenkinson, Christopher P.
Curran, Joanne E.
Lehman, Donna M.
Blangero, John
Duggirala, Ravindranath
Mummidi, Srinivas
Martinez, Ruben D.
author_facet Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos
Martinez, Dora A.
Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro
Morales, Liza D.
Arya, Rector
Jenkinson, Christopher P.
Curran, Joanne E.
Lehman, Donna M.
Blangero, John
Duggirala, Ravindranath
Mummidi, Srinivas
Martinez, Ruben D.
author_sort Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos
collection PubMed
description The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens.
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spelling pubmed-82871292021-07-20 Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos Martinez, Dora A. Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro Morales, Liza D. Arya, Rector Jenkinson, Christopher P. Curran, Joanne E. Lehman, Donna M. Blangero, John Duggirala, Ravindranath Mummidi, Srinivas Martinez, Ruben D. Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8287129/ /pubmed/34291061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lopez-Alvarenga, Martinez, Diaz-Badillo, Morales, Arya, Jenkinson, Curran, Lehman, Blangero, Duggirala, Mummidi and Martinez. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos
Martinez, Dora A.
Diaz-Badillo, Alvaro
Morales, Liza D.
Arya, Rector
Jenkinson, Christopher P.
Curran, Joanne E.
Lehman, Donna M.
Blangero, John
Duggirala, Ravindranath
Mummidi, Srinivas
Martinez, Ruben D.
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title_full Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title_fullStr Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title_full_unstemmed Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title_short Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
title_sort association of hiv-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy with type 2 diabetes in the hispanic population of the rio grande valley, texas, usa
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34291061
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979
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