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Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis

Distant organ metastasis, often termed as organotropic metastasis or metastatic organotropism, is a fundamental feature of malignant tumours and accounts for most cancer‐related mortalities. This process is orchestrated by many complex biological interactions and processes that are mediated by a com...

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Autores principales: Urabe, Fumihiko, Patil, Kalyani, Ramm, Grant A., Ochiya, Takahiro, Soekmadji, Carolina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34295457
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12125
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author Urabe, Fumihiko
Patil, Kalyani
Ramm, Grant A.
Ochiya, Takahiro
Soekmadji, Carolina
author_facet Urabe, Fumihiko
Patil, Kalyani
Ramm, Grant A.
Ochiya, Takahiro
Soekmadji, Carolina
author_sort Urabe, Fumihiko
collection PubMed
description Distant organ metastasis, often termed as organotropic metastasis or metastatic organotropism, is a fundamental feature of malignant tumours and accounts for most cancer‐related mortalities. This process is orchestrated by many complex biological interactions and processes that are mediated by a combination of anatomical, genetic, pathophysiological and biochemical factors. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being demonstrated as critical mediators of bi‐directional tumour‐host cell interactions, controlling organ‐specific infiltration, adaptation and colonization at the secondary site. EVs govern organotropic metastasis by modulating the pre‐metastatic microenvironment through upregulation of pro‐inflammatory gene expression and immunosuppressive cytokine secretion, induction of phenotype‐specific differentiation and recruitment of specific stromal cell types. This review discusses EV‐mediated metastatic organotropism in visceral (brain, lung, liver, and lymph node) and skeletal (bone) metastasis, and discusses how the pre‐metastatic education by EVs transforms the organ into a hospitable, tumour cell–friendly milieu that supports the growth of metastatic cells. Decoding the organ‐specific traits of EVs and their functions in organotropic metastasis is essential in accelerating the clinical application of EVs in cancer management.
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spelling pubmed-82873182021-07-21 Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis Urabe, Fumihiko Patil, Kalyani Ramm, Grant A. Ochiya, Takahiro Soekmadji, Carolina J Extracell Vesicles Review Articles Distant organ metastasis, often termed as organotropic metastasis or metastatic organotropism, is a fundamental feature of malignant tumours and accounts for most cancer‐related mortalities. This process is orchestrated by many complex biological interactions and processes that are mediated by a combination of anatomical, genetic, pathophysiological and biochemical factors. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being demonstrated as critical mediators of bi‐directional tumour‐host cell interactions, controlling organ‐specific infiltration, adaptation and colonization at the secondary site. EVs govern organotropic metastasis by modulating the pre‐metastatic microenvironment through upregulation of pro‐inflammatory gene expression and immunosuppressive cytokine secretion, induction of phenotype‐specific differentiation and recruitment of specific stromal cell types. This review discusses EV‐mediated metastatic organotropism in visceral (brain, lung, liver, and lymph node) and skeletal (bone) metastasis, and discusses how the pre‐metastatic education by EVs transforms the organ into a hospitable, tumour cell–friendly milieu that supports the growth of metastatic cells. Decoding the organ‐specific traits of EVs and their functions in organotropic metastasis is essential in accelerating the clinical application of EVs in cancer management. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-07-19 2021-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8287318/ /pubmed/34295457 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12125 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Articles
Urabe, Fumihiko
Patil, Kalyani
Ramm, Grant A.
Ochiya, Takahiro
Soekmadji, Carolina
Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title_full Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title_short Extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
title_sort extracellular vesicles in the development of organ‐specific metastasis
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34295457
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12125
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