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Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the immune system to eliminate cancer cells, has been widely studied and applied in oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prevent the immune system from being turned off before cancer cells are eliminated. They have proven to be among the most promisin...

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Autores principales: Shen, Pan, Han, Liang, Ba, Xin, Qin, Kai, Tu, Shenghao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.678409
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author Shen, Pan
Han, Liang
Ba, Xin
Qin, Kai
Tu, Shenghao
author_facet Shen, Pan
Han, Liang
Ba, Xin
Qin, Kai
Tu, Shenghao
author_sort Shen, Pan
collection PubMed
description Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the immune system to eliminate cancer cells, has been widely studied and applied in oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prevent the immune system from being turned off before cancer cells are eliminated. They have proven to be among the most promising and effective immunotherapies, with significant survival benefits and durable responses in diverse tumor types. However, an increasing number of retrospective studies have found that some patients treated with ICIs experience unusual responses, including accelerated proliferation of tumor cells and rapid progression of the disease, with poor outcomes. Such unexpected adverse events are termed hyperprogressive disease (HPD), and their occurrence suggests that ICIs are detrimental to a subset of cancer patients. HPD is common, with an incidence ranging between 4 and 29% in several cancer types. However, the mechanisms of HPD remain poorly understood, and no clinical predictive factors of HPD have been identified. In this review, we summarize current findings, including retrospective studies and case reports, and focus on several key issues including the defining characteristics, predictive biomarkers, potential mechanisms of HPD, and strategies for avoiding HPD after ICI treatment.
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spelling pubmed-82874092021-07-20 Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Shen, Pan Han, Liang Ba, Xin Qin, Kai Tu, Shenghao Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the immune system to eliminate cancer cells, has been widely studied and applied in oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) prevent the immune system from being turned off before cancer cells are eliminated. They have proven to be among the most promising and effective immunotherapies, with significant survival benefits and durable responses in diverse tumor types. However, an increasing number of retrospective studies have found that some patients treated with ICIs experience unusual responses, including accelerated proliferation of tumor cells and rapid progression of the disease, with poor outcomes. Such unexpected adverse events are termed hyperprogressive disease (HPD), and their occurrence suggests that ICIs are detrimental to a subset of cancer patients. HPD is common, with an incidence ranging between 4 and 29% in several cancer types. However, the mechanisms of HPD remain poorly understood, and no clinical predictive factors of HPD have been identified. In this review, we summarize current findings, including retrospective studies and case reports, and focus on several key issues including the defining characteristics, predictive biomarkers, potential mechanisms of HPD, and strategies for avoiding HPD after ICI treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8287409/ /pubmed/34290608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.678409 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shen, Han, Ba, Qin and Tu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Shen, Pan
Han, Liang
Ba, Xin
Qin, Kai
Tu, Shenghao
Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title_full Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title_fullStr Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title_short Hyperprogressive Disease in Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
title_sort hyperprogressive disease in cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.678409
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