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Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study

INTRODUCTION: While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP) METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cas...

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Autores principales: Felício, João Soares, de Alcântara, Angélica Leite, Janaú, Luísa Corrêa, de Moraes, Lorena Vilhena, de Oliveira, Maria Clara Neres Iunes, de Lemos, Manuela Nascimento, de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge Kzan, Neto, João Felício Abrahão, da Silva, Wanderson Maia, de Souza, Ícaro José Araújo, Said, Nivin Mazen, de Lemos, Gabriela Nascimento, Vieira, Giovana Miranda, Khayat, André Salim, dos Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro, de Queiroz, Natércia Neves Marques, de Sousa, Ana Carolina Contente Braga, dos Santos, Márcia Costa, de Melo, Franciane Trindade Cunha, Piani, Pedro Paulo Freire, Felício, Karem Miléo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290667
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.667029
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author Felício, João Soares
de Alcântara, Angélica Leite
Janaú, Luísa Corrêa
de Moraes, Lorena Vilhena
de Oliveira, Maria Clara Neres Iunes
de Lemos, Manuela Nascimento
de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge Kzan
Neto, João Felício Abrahão
da Silva, Wanderson Maia
de Souza, Ícaro José Araújo
Said, Nivin Mazen
de Lemos, Gabriela Nascimento
Vieira, Giovana Miranda
Khayat, André Salim
dos Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro
de Queiroz, Natércia Neves Marques
de Sousa, Ana Carolina Contente Braga
dos Santos, Márcia Costa
de Melo, Franciane Trindade Cunha
Piani, Pedro Paulo Freire
Felício, Karem Miléo
author_facet Felício, João Soares
de Alcântara, Angélica Leite
Janaú, Luísa Corrêa
de Moraes, Lorena Vilhena
de Oliveira, Maria Clara Neres Iunes
de Lemos, Manuela Nascimento
de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge Kzan
Neto, João Felício Abrahão
da Silva, Wanderson Maia
de Souza, Ícaro José Araújo
Said, Nivin Mazen
de Lemos, Gabriela Nascimento
Vieira, Giovana Miranda
Khayat, André Salim
dos Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro
de Queiroz, Natércia Neves Marques
de Sousa, Ana Carolina Contente Braga
dos Santos, Márcia Costa
de Melo, Franciane Trindade Cunha
Piani, Pedro Paulo Freire
Felício, Karem Miléo
author_sort Felício, João Soares
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP) METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group. RESULTS: Our control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = −0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5–6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (x² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055–0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688–7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Our data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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spelling pubmed-82878252021-07-20 Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study Felício, João Soares de Alcântara, Angélica Leite Janaú, Luísa Corrêa de Moraes, Lorena Vilhena de Oliveira, Maria Clara Neres Iunes de Lemos, Manuela Nascimento de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge Kzan Neto, João Felício Abrahão da Silva, Wanderson Maia de Souza, Ícaro José Araújo Said, Nivin Mazen de Lemos, Gabriela Nascimento Vieira, Giovana Miranda Khayat, André Salim dos Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro de Queiroz, Natércia Neves Marques de Sousa, Ana Carolina Contente Braga dos Santos, Márcia Costa de Melo, Franciane Trindade Cunha Piani, Pedro Paulo Freire Felício, Karem Miléo Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology INTRODUCTION: While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP) METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group. RESULTS: Our control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = −0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5–6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (x² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055–0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688–7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Our data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8287825/ /pubmed/34290667 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.667029 Text en Copyright © 2021 Felício, de Alcântara, Janaú, de Moraes, de Oliveira, de Lemos, de Souza Neto, Neto, da Silva, de Souza, Said, de Lemos, Vieira, Khayat, Santos, de Queiroz, de Sousa, Santos, de Melo, Piani and Felício https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Felício, João Soares
de Alcântara, Angélica Leite
Janaú, Luísa Corrêa
de Moraes, Lorena Vilhena
de Oliveira, Maria Clara Neres Iunes
de Lemos, Manuela Nascimento
de Souza Neto, Norberto Jorge Kzan
Neto, João Felício Abrahão
da Silva, Wanderson Maia
de Souza, Ícaro José Araújo
Said, Nivin Mazen
de Lemos, Gabriela Nascimento
Vieira, Giovana Miranda
Khayat, André Salim
dos Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro
de Queiroz, Natércia Neves Marques
de Sousa, Ana Carolina Contente Braga
dos Santos, Márcia Costa
de Melo, Franciane Trindade Cunha
Piani, Pedro Paulo Freire
Felício, Karem Miléo
Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title_full Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title_short Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study
title_sort association of soy and exclusive breastfeeding with central precocious puberty: a case-control study
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290667
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.667029
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