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Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus

Gills of fish are involved in respiration, excretion and osmoregulation. Due to numerous interactions between these processes, branchial diseases have serious implications on fish health. Here, “koi sleepy disease” (KSD), caused by carp edema virus (CEV) infection was used to study physiological, im...

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Autores principales: Adamek, Mikolaj, Teitge, Felix, Baumann, Ilka, Jung-Schroers, Verena, El Rahman, Sahar Abd, Paley, Richard, Piackova, Veronica, Gela, David, Kocour, Martin, Rakers, Sebastian, Bergmann, Sven M., Ganter, Martin, Steinhagen, Dieter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8288041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1948286
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author Adamek, Mikolaj
Teitge, Felix
Baumann, Ilka
Jung-Schroers, Verena
El Rahman, Sahar Abd
Paley, Richard
Piackova, Veronica
Gela, David
Kocour, Martin
Rakers, Sebastian
Bergmann, Sven M.
Ganter, Martin
Steinhagen, Dieter
author_facet Adamek, Mikolaj
Teitge, Felix
Baumann, Ilka
Jung-Schroers, Verena
El Rahman, Sahar Abd
Paley, Richard
Piackova, Veronica
Gela, David
Kocour, Martin
Rakers, Sebastian
Bergmann, Sven M.
Ganter, Martin
Steinhagen, Dieter
author_sort Adamek, Mikolaj
collection PubMed
description Gills of fish are involved in respiration, excretion and osmoregulation. Due to numerous interactions between these processes, branchial diseases have serious implications on fish health. Here, “koi sleepy disease” (KSD), caused by carp edema virus (CEV) infection was used to study physiological, immunological and metabolic consequences of a gill disease in fish. A metabolome analysis shows that the moderately hypoxic-tolerant carp can compensate the respiratory compromise related to this infection by various adaptations in their metabolism. Instead, the disease is accompanied by a massive disturbance of the osmotic balance with hyponatremia as low as 71.65 mmol L(−1), and an accumulation of ammonia in circulatory blood causing a hyperammonemia as high as 1123.24 µmol L(−1). At water conditions with increased ambient salt, the hydro-mineral balance and the ammonia excretion were restored. Importantly, both hyponatremia and hyperammonemia in KSD-affected carp can be linked to an immunosuppression leading to a four-fold drop in the number of white blood cells, and significant downregulation of cd4, tcr a2 and igm expression in gills, which can be evaded by increasing the ion concentration in water. This shows that the complex host-pathogen interactions within the gills can have immunosuppressive consequences, which have not previously been addressed in fish. Furthermore, it makes the CEV infection of carp a powerful model for studying interdependent pathological and immunological effects of a branchial disease in fish.
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spelling pubmed-82880412021-08-02 Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus Adamek, Mikolaj Teitge, Felix Baumann, Ilka Jung-Schroers, Verena El Rahman, Sahar Abd Paley, Richard Piackova, Veronica Gela, David Kocour, Martin Rakers, Sebastian Bergmann, Sven M. Ganter, Martin Steinhagen, Dieter Virulence Research Paper Gills of fish are involved in respiration, excretion and osmoregulation. Due to numerous interactions between these processes, branchial diseases have serious implications on fish health. Here, “koi sleepy disease” (KSD), caused by carp edema virus (CEV) infection was used to study physiological, immunological and metabolic consequences of a gill disease in fish. A metabolome analysis shows that the moderately hypoxic-tolerant carp can compensate the respiratory compromise related to this infection by various adaptations in their metabolism. Instead, the disease is accompanied by a massive disturbance of the osmotic balance with hyponatremia as low as 71.65 mmol L(−1), and an accumulation of ammonia in circulatory blood causing a hyperammonemia as high as 1123.24 µmol L(−1). At water conditions with increased ambient salt, the hydro-mineral balance and the ammonia excretion were restored. Importantly, both hyponatremia and hyperammonemia in KSD-affected carp can be linked to an immunosuppression leading to a four-fold drop in the number of white blood cells, and significant downregulation of cd4, tcr a2 and igm expression in gills, which can be evaded by increasing the ion concentration in water. This shows that the complex host-pathogen interactions within the gills can have immunosuppressive consequences, which have not previously been addressed in fish. Furthermore, it makes the CEV infection of carp a powerful model for studying interdependent pathological and immunological effects of a branchial disease in fish. Taylor & Francis 2021-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8288041/ /pubmed/34269137 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1948286 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Adamek, Mikolaj
Teitge, Felix
Baumann, Ilka
Jung-Schroers, Verena
El Rahman, Sahar Abd
Paley, Richard
Piackova, Veronica
Gela, David
Kocour, Martin
Rakers, Sebastian
Bergmann, Sven M.
Ganter, Martin
Steinhagen, Dieter
Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title_full Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title_fullStr Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title_full_unstemmed Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title_short Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
title_sort koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8288041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34269137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1948286
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