Improving photosensitization for photochemical CO(2)-to-CO conversion

Inspired by nature, improving photosensitization represents a vital direction for the development of artificial photosynthesis. The sensitization ability of photosensitizers (PSs) reflects in their electron-transfer ability, which highly depends on their excited-state lifetime and redox potential. Herein, for the first time, we put forward a facile strategy to improve sensitizing ability via finely tuning the excited state of Ru(II)-PSs (Ru-1–Ru-4) for efficient CO(2) reduction. Remarkably, [Ru(Phen)(2)(3-pyrenylPhen)](2+) (Ru-3) exhibits the best sensitizing ability among Ru-1–Ru-4, over 17 times higher than that of typical Ru(Phen)(3)(2+). It can efficiently sensitize a dinuclear cobalt catalyst for CO(2)-to-CO conversion with a maximum turnover number of 66 480. Systematic investigations demonstrate that its long-lived excited state and suitable redox driving force greatly contributed to this superior sensitizing ability. This work provides a new insight into dramatically boosting photocatalytic CO(2) reduction via improving photosensitization.