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Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas

Giant pandas consume different structural parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and culms) during different seasons. Previous research showed different bamboo parts have varying nutritional content and that a long-term diet consisting of a single part of bamboo resulted in remarkable metabolic changes wit...

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Autores principales: Yan, Zheng, Xu, Qin, Hsu, Walter H., Esser, Stephan Schmitz, Ayala, James, Hou, Rong, Yao, Ying, Jiang, Dandan, Yuan, Shibin, Wang, Hairui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8289812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34109451
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02503-y
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author Yan, Zheng
Xu, Qin
Hsu, Walter H.
Esser, Stephan Schmitz
Ayala, James
Hou, Rong
Yao, Ying
Jiang, Dandan
Yuan, Shibin
Wang, Hairui
author_facet Yan, Zheng
Xu, Qin
Hsu, Walter H.
Esser, Stephan Schmitz
Ayala, James
Hou, Rong
Yao, Ying
Jiang, Dandan
Yuan, Shibin
Wang, Hairui
author_sort Yan, Zheng
collection PubMed
description Giant pandas consume different structural parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and culms) during different seasons. Previous research showed different bamboo parts have varying nutritional content and that a long-term diet consisting of a single part of bamboo resulted in remarkable metabolic changes within captive giant pandas. However, the effects on the gut microbiome of giant pandas, as a result of a single bamboo part diet, have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the changes in gut microbial communities based on single bamboo part diets and their potential implications by using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing. We found that the composition and function of the gut microbiome from captive giant pandas fed exclusively culms were significantly different from that of individuals fed shoots or leaves. During the culm feeding period, the gut microbiome showed strongest digestive capabilities for cellulose, hemicellulose and starch, and had the highest potential abilities for the biosynthesis of bile acids, fatty acids and amino acids. This suggests the microbiome aids in breaking down culm, which is more difficult for giant pandas to digest, as a means to compensate for the nutrient poor content of the culm. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were more abundant during the leaf stage diet than that in the shoot and culm stages. Thus, the microbiome may help giant pandas, which typically have low lipase levels, with fat digestion. These results illustrate that adaptive changes in the gut microbiome community and function may be an important mechanism to aid giant panda digestion when consuming different structural parts of bamboo. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00284-021-02503-y.
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spelling pubmed-82898122021-08-05 Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas Yan, Zheng Xu, Qin Hsu, Walter H. Esser, Stephan Schmitz Ayala, James Hou, Rong Yao, Ying Jiang, Dandan Yuan, Shibin Wang, Hairui Curr Microbiol Article Giant pandas consume different structural parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and culms) during different seasons. Previous research showed different bamboo parts have varying nutritional content and that a long-term diet consisting of a single part of bamboo resulted in remarkable metabolic changes within captive giant pandas. However, the effects on the gut microbiome of giant pandas, as a result of a single bamboo part diet, have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the changes in gut microbial communities based on single bamboo part diets and their potential implications by using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing. We found that the composition and function of the gut microbiome from captive giant pandas fed exclusively culms were significantly different from that of individuals fed shoots or leaves. During the culm feeding period, the gut microbiome showed strongest digestive capabilities for cellulose, hemicellulose and starch, and had the highest potential abilities for the biosynthesis of bile acids, fatty acids and amino acids. This suggests the microbiome aids in breaking down culm, which is more difficult for giant pandas to digest, as a means to compensate for the nutrient poor content of the culm. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were more abundant during the leaf stage diet than that in the shoot and culm stages. Thus, the microbiome may help giant pandas, which typically have low lipase levels, with fat digestion. These results illustrate that adaptive changes in the gut microbiome community and function may be an important mechanism to aid giant panda digestion when consuming different structural parts of bamboo. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00284-021-02503-y. Springer US 2021-06-09 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8289812/ /pubmed/34109451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02503-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Yan, Zheng
Xu, Qin
Hsu, Walter H.
Esser, Stephan Schmitz
Ayala, James
Hou, Rong
Yao, Ying
Jiang, Dandan
Yuan, Shibin
Wang, Hairui
Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title_full Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title_fullStr Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title_full_unstemmed Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title_short Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
title_sort consuming different structural parts of bamboo induce gut microbiome changes in captive giant pandas
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8289812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34109451
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02503-y
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