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Semiconductor quantum computation

Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xin, Li, Hai-Ou, Cao, Gang, Xiao, Ming, Guo, Guang-Can, Guo, Guo-Ping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8291422/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34691830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy153
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author Zhang, Xin
Li, Hai-Ou
Cao, Gang
Xiao, Ming
Guo, Guang-Can
Guo, Guo-Ping
author_facet Zhang, Xin
Li, Hai-Ou
Cao, Gang
Xiao, Ming
Guo, Guang-Can
Guo, Guo-Ping
author_sort Zhang, Xin
collection PubMed
description Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.
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spelling pubmed-82914222021-10-21 Semiconductor quantum computation Zhang, Xin Li, Hai-Ou Cao, Gang Xiao, Ming Guo, Guang-Can Guo, Guo-Ping Natl Sci Rev Special Topic: Quantum Computing Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future. Oxford University Press 2019-01 2018-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8291422/ /pubmed/34691830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy153 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Special Topic: Quantum Computing
Zhang, Xin
Li, Hai-Ou
Cao, Gang
Xiao, Ming
Guo, Guang-Can
Guo, Guo-Ping
Semiconductor quantum computation
title Semiconductor quantum computation
title_full Semiconductor quantum computation
title_fullStr Semiconductor quantum computation
title_full_unstemmed Semiconductor quantum computation
title_short Semiconductor quantum computation
title_sort semiconductor quantum computation
topic Special Topic: Quantum Computing
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8291422/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34691830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy153
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