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The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy
Nutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this co...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8292613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34307434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026 |
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author | Fenton, Tanis R. Elmrayed, Seham |
author_facet | Fenton, Tanis R. Elmrayed, Seham |
author_sort | Fenton, Tanis R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this convention to use metabolizable energy has not been uniformly applied to human milk. Human milk is often reported as gross energy, which is about 5–10% higher than metabolizable energy. To obtain accurate human milk energy estimates, milk samples need to contain the same proportion of high fat hind milk that an infant obtains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8292613 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82926132021-07-22 The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy Fenton, Tanis R. Elmrayed, Seham Front Nutr Nutrition Nutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this convention to use metabolizable energy has not been uniformly applied to human milk. Human milk is often reported as gross energy, which is about 5–10% higher than metabolizable energy. To obtain accurate human milk energy estimates, milk samples need to contain the same proportion of high fat hind milk that an infant obtains. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8292613/ /pubmed/34307434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026 Text en Copyright © 2021 Fenton and Elmrayed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Fenton, Tanis R. Elmrayed, Seham The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title_full | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title_fullStr | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title_short | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
title_sort | importance of reporting energy values of human milk as metabolizable energy |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8292613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34307434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026 |
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