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Forced Biomineralization: A Review
Biologically induced and controlled mineralization of metals promotes the development of protective structures to shield cells from thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet stresses. Metal biomineralization is widely considered to have been relevant for the survival of life in the environmental conditions...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34287234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6030046 |
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author | Ehrlich, Hermann Bailey, Elizabeth Wysokowski, Marcin Jesionowski, Teofil |
author_facet | Ehrlich, Hermann Bailey, Elizabeth Wysokowski, Marcin Jesionowski, Teofil |
author_sort | Ehrlich, Hermann |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biologically induced and controlled mineralization of metals promotes the development of protective structures to shield cells from thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet stresses. Metal biomineralization is widely considered to have been relevant for the survival of life in the environmental conditions of ancient terrestrial oceans. Similar behavior is seen among extremophilic biomineralizers today, which have evolved to inhabit a variety of industrial aqueous environments with elevated metal concentrations. As an example of extreme biomineralization, we introduce the category of “forced biomineralization”, which we use to refer to the biologically mediated sequestration of dissolved metals and metalloids into minerals. We discuss forced mineralization as it is known to be carried out by a variety of organisms, including polyextremophiles in a range of psychrophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic conditions, as well as in environments with very high or toxic metal ion concentrations. While much additional work lies ahead to characterize the various pathways by which these biominerals form, forced biomineralization has been shown to provide insights for the progression of extreme biomimetics, allowing for promising new forays into creating the next generation of composites using organic-templating approaches under biologically extreme laboratory conditions relevant to a wide range of industrial conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8293141 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82931412021-07-22 Forced Biomineralization: A Review Ehrlich, Hermann Bailey, Elizabeth Wysokowski, Marcin Jesionowski, Teofil Biomimetics (Basel) Review Biologically induced and controlled mineralization of metals promotes the development of protective structures to shield cells from thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet stresses. Metal biomineralization is widely considered to have been relevant for the survival of life in the environmental conditions of ancient terrestrial oceans. Similar behavior is seen among extremophilic biomineralizers today, which have evolved to inhabit a variety of industrial aqueous environments with elevated metal concentrations. As an example of extreme biomineralization, we introduce the category of “forced biomineralization”, which we use to refer to the biologically mediated sequestration of dissolved metals and metalloids into minerals. We discuss forced mineralization as it is known to be carried out by a variety of organisms, including polyextremophiles in a range of psychrophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic conditions, as well as in environments with very high or toxic metal ion concentrations. While much additional work lies ahead to characterize the various pathways by which these biominerals form, forced biomineralization has been shown to provide insights for the progression of extreme biomimetics, allowing for promising new forays into creating the next generation of composites using organic-templating approaches under biologically extreme laboratory conditions relevant to a wide range of industrial conditions. MDPI 2021-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8293141/ /pubmed/34287234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6030046 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ehrlich, Hermann Bailey, Elizabeth Wysokowski, Marcin Jesionowski, Teofil Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title | Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title_full | Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title_fullStr | Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title_short | Forced Biomineralization: A Review |
title_sort | forced biomineralization: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34287234 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6030046 |
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