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Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability
The study of socio-cognitive abilities emerged from intelligence research, and their specificity remains controversial until today. In recent years, the psychometric structure of face cognition (FC)—a basic facet of socio-cognitive abilities—was extensively studied. In this review, we summarize and...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207993 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020030 |
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author | Meyer, Kristina Sommer, Werner Hildebrandt, Andrea |
author_facet | Meyer, Kristina Sommer, Werner Hildebrandt, Andrea |
author_sort | Meyer, Kristina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The study of socio-cognitive abilities emerged from intelligence research, and their specificity remains controversial until today. In recent years, the psychometric structure of face cognition (FC)—a basic facet of socio-cognitive abilities—was extensively studied. In this review, we summarize and discuss the divergent psychometric structures of FC in easy and difficult tasks. While accuracy in difficult tasks was consistently shown to be face-specific, the evidence for easy tasks was inconsistent. The structure of response speed in easy tasks was mostly—but not always—unitary across object categories, including faces. Here, we compare studies to identify characteristics leading to face specificity in easy tasks. The following pattern emerges: in easy tasks, face specificity is found when modeling speed in a single task; however, when modeling speed across multiple, different easy tasks, only a unitary factor structure is reported. In difficult tasks, however, face specificity occurs in both single task approaches and task batteries. This suggests different cognitive mechanisms behind face specificity in easy and difficult tasks. In easy tasks, face specificity relies on isolated cognitive sub-processes such as face identity recognition. In difficult tasks, face-specific and task-independent cognitive processes are employed. We propose a descriptive model and argue for FC to be integrated into common taxonomies of intelligence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8293405 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82934052021-07-22 Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability Meyer, Kristina Sommer, Werner Hildebrandt, Andrea J Intell Review The study of socio-cognitive abilities emerged from intelligence research, and their specificity remains controversial until today. In recent years, the psychometric structure of face cognition (FC)—a basic facet of socio-cognitive abilities—was extensively studied. In this review, we summarize and discuss the divergent psychometric structures of FC in easy and difficult tasks. While accuracy in difficult tasks was consistently shown to be face-specific, the evidence for easy tasks was inconsistent. The structure of response speed in easy tasks was mostly—but not always—unitary across object categories, including faces. Here, we compare studies to identify characteristics leading to face specificity in easy tasks. The following pattern emerges: in easy tasks, face specificity is found when modeling speed in a single task; however, when modeling speed across multiple, different easy tasks, only a unitary factor structure is reported. In difficult tasks, however, face specificity occurs in both single task approaches and task batteries. This suggests different cognitive mechanisms behind face specificity in easy and difficult tasks. In easy tasks, face specificity relies on isolated cognitive sub-processes such as face identity recognition. In difficult tasks, face-specific and task-independent cognitive processes are employed. We propose a descriptive model and argue for FC to be integrated into common taxonomies of intelligence. MDPI 2021-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8293405/ /pubmed/34207993 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020030 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Meyer, Kristina Sommer, Werner Hildebrandt, Andrea Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title | Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title_full | Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title_fullStr | Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title_full_unstemmed | Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title_short | Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability |
title_sort | reflections and new perspectives on face cognition as a specific socio-cognitive ability |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8293405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207993 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020030 |
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