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Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index

Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain’s ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educ...

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Autores principales: Khachatryan, Elvira, Wittevrongel, Benjamin, Perovnik, Matej, Tournoy, Jos, Schoenmakers, Birgitte, Van Hulle, Marc M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8295460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34305555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856
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author Khachatryan, Elvira
Wittevrongel, Benjamin
Perovnik, Matej
Tournoy, Jos
Schoenmakers, Birgitte
Van Hulle, Marc M.
author_facet Khachatryan, Elvira
Wittevrongel, Benjamin
Perovnik, Matej
Tournoy, Jos
Schoenmakers, Birgitte
Van Hulle, Marc M.
author_sort Khachatryan, Elvira
collection PubMed
description Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain’s ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and leisure activity are common proxies of CR. CR is mostly studied using neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) in which case individuals with a higher CR were observed to activate a smaller brain network compared to individuals with a lower CR, when performing a task equally effectively (higher efficiency), and electroencephalography (EEG) where a particular EEG component (P300) that reflects the attention and working memory load, has been targeted. Despite the contribution of multiple factors such as age, education (formal and informal), working, leisure, and household activities in CR formation, most neuroimaging studies, and those using EEG in particular, focus on formal education level only. The aim of the current EEG study is to investigate how the P300 component, evoked in response to an oddball paradigm, is associated with other components of CR besides education, such as working and leisure activity in older adults. We have used hereto a recently introduced CR index questionnaire (CRIq) that quantifies both professional and leisure activities in terms of their cognitive demand and number of years practiced, as well as a data-driven approach for EEG analysis. We observed complex relationships between CRIq subcomponents and P300 characteristics. These results are especially important given that, unlike previous studies, our measurements (P300 and CRIq) do not require active use of the same executive function and, thus, render our results free of a collinearity bias.
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spelling pubmed-82954602021-07-23 Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index Khachatryan, Elvira Wittevrongel, Benjamin Perovnik, Matej Tournoy, Jos Schoenmakers, Birgitte Van Hulle, Marc M. Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain’s ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and leisure activity are common proxies of CR. CR is mostly studied using neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) in which case individuals with a higher CR were observed to activate a smaller brain network compared to individuals with a lower CR, when performing a task equally effectively (higher efficiency), and electroencephalography (EEG) where a particular EEG component (P300) that reflects the attention and working memory load, has been targeted. Despite the contribution of multiple factors such as age, education (formal and informal), working, leisure, and household activities in CR formation, most neuroimaging studies, and those using EEG in particular, focus on formal education level only. The aim of the current EEG study is to investigate how the P300 component, evoked in response to an oddball paradigm, is associated with other components of CR besides education, such as working and leisure activity in older adults. We have used hereto a recently introduced CR index questionnaire (CRIq) that quantifies both professional and leisure activities in terms of their cognitive demand and number of years practiced, as well as a data-driven approach for EEG analysis. We observed complex relationships between CRIq subcomponents and P300 characteristics. These results are especially important given that, unlike previous studies, our measurements (P300 and CRIq) do not require active use of the same executive function and, thus, render our results free of a collinearity bias. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8295460/ /pubmed/34305555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856 Text en Copyright © 2021 Khachatryan, Wittevrongel, Perovnik, Tournoy, Schoenmakers and Van Hulle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Human Neuroscience
Khachatryan, Elvira
Wittevrongel, Benjamin
Perovnik, Matej
Tournoy, Jos
Schoenmakers, Birgitte
Van Hulle, Marc M.
Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title_full Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title_fullStr Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title_full_unstemmed Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title_short Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index
title_sort electrophysiological proxy of cognitive reserve index
topic Human Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8295460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34305555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856
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