Characterizing Multidevice Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization for In-Droplet Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange to Enhance Compound Identification

[Image: see text] Multidevice capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) source parameters have been examined to determine their effects on conducting in-droplet hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments. Control experiments using select compounds indicate that the observed differences in mass spectral isotopic distributions obtained upon initiation of HDX result primarily from solution-phase reactions as opposed to gas-phase exchange. Preliminary studies have determined that robust HDX can only be achieved with the application of same-polarity voltage to both the analyte and the deuterium oxide reagent (D(2)O) cVSSI devices. Additionally, a similar HDX reactivity dependence on the voltage applied to the D(2)O device for various analytes is observed. Analyte and reagent flow experiments show that, for the multidevice cVSSI setup employed, there is a nonlinear dependence on the D(2)O reagent flow rate; increasing the D(2)O reagent flow by 100% results in only an ∼10–20% increase in deuterium incorporation for this setup. Instantaneous (subsecond) response times have been demonstrated in the initiation or termination of HDX, which is achieved by turning on or off the reagent cVSSI device piezoelectric transducer. The ability to distinguish isomeric species by in-droplet HDX is presented. Finally, a demonstration of a three-component cVSSI device setup to perform multiple (successive or in combination) in-droplet chemistries to enhance compound ionization and identification is presented and a hypothetical metabolomics workflow consisting of successive multidevice activation is briefly discussed.