Cargando…
Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: Childhood vaccine delivery services in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are struggling to reach every child with lifesaving vaccines. Short message service (SMS) reminders have demonstrated positive impact on a number of attrition-prone healthcare delivery services. We aimed...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8296799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005035 |
_version_ | 1783725713749180416 |
---|---|
author | Eze, Paul Lawani, Lucky Osaheni Acharya, Yubraj |
author_facet | Eze, Paul Lawani, Lucky Osaheni Acharya, Yubraj |
author_sort | Eze, Paul |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Childhood vaccine delivery services in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are struggling to reach every child with lifesaving vaccines. Short message service (SMS) reminders have demonstrated positive impact on a number of attrition-prone healthcare delivery services. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SMS reminders in improving immunisation coverage and timeliness in LMICs. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, CNKI, PsycINFO and Web of Science including grey literatures and Google Scholar were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that evaluated the effect of SMS reminders on childhood immunisation and timeliness in LMICs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 assessment tool for RCTs and Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to generate pooled estimates of risk ratio (RR). RESULTS: 18 studies, 13 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs involving 32 712 infants (17 135 in intervention groups and 15 577 in control groups) from 11 LMICs met inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates showed that SMS reminders significantly improved childhood immunisation coverage (RR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.21; I(2)=90.4%). Meta-analysis of 12 included studies involving 25 257 infants showed that SMS reminders significantly improved timely receipt of childhood vaccines (RR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.30; I(2)=87.3%). Subgroup analysis showed that SMS reminders are significantly more effective in raising childhood immunisation coverage in lower middle-income and low-income countries than in upper middle-income countries (p<0.001) and sending more than two SMS reminders significantly improves timely receipt of childhood vaccines than one or two SMS reminders (p=0.040). CONCLUSION: Current evidence from LMICs, although with significant heterogeneity, suggests that SMS reminders can contribute to achieving high and timely childhood immunisation coverage. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021225843. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8296799 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82967992021-08-12 Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eze, Paul Lawani, Lucky Osaheni Acharya, Yubraj BMJ Glob Health Original Research INTRODUCTION: Childhood vaccine delivery services in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are struggling to reach every child with lifesaving vaccines. Short message service (SMS) reminders have demonstrated positive impact on a number of attrition-prone healthcare delivery services. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SMS reminders in improving immunisation coverage and timeliness in LMICs. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, CNKI, PsycINFO and Web of Science including grey literatures and Google Scholar were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that evaluated the effect of SMS reminders on childhood immunisation and timeliness in LMICs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 assessment tool for RCTs and Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to generate pooled estimates of risk ratio (RR). RESULTS: 18 studies, 13 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs involving 32 712 infants (17 135 in intervention groups and 15 577 in control groups) from 11 LMICs met inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates showed that SMS reminders significantly improved childhood immunisation coverage (RR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.21; I(2)=90.4%). Meta-analysis of 12 included studies involving 25 257 infants showed that SMS reminders significantly improved timely receipt of childhood vaccines (RR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.30; I(2)=87.3%). Subgroup analysis showed that SMS reminders are significantly more effective in raising childhood immunisation coverage in lower middle-income and low-income countries than in upper middle-income countries (p<0.001) and sending more than two SMS reminders significantly improves timely receipt of childhood vaccines than one or two SMS reminders (p=0.040). CONCLUSION: Current evidence from LMICs, although with significant heterogeneity, suggests that SMS reminders can contribute to achieving high and timely childhood immunisation coverage. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021225843. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8296799/ /pubmed/34290051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005035 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Research Eze, Paul Lawani, Lucky Osaheni Acharya, Yubraj Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Short message service (SMS) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | short message service (sms) reminders for childhood immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8296799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34290051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005035 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ezepaul shortmessageservicesmsremindersforchildhoodimmunisationinlowincomeandmiddleincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT lawaniluckyosaheni shortmessageservicesmsremindersforchildhoodimmunisationinlowincomeandmiddleincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT acharyayubraj shortmessageservicesmsremindersforchildhoodimmunisationinlowincomeandmiddleincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |