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Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea
Lake Paldang is a complex water system with both fluvial and lacustrine characteristics and the largest artificial dam lake in South Korea. In this study, the different occurrence patterns and causes of the clear-water phase (CWP) were investigated using water quality and hydrological factors at fou...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137205 |
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author | Sim, Younbo Byeon, Myeong Seop Kim, Keonhee Yu, Soon Ju Im, Jong Kwon |
author_facet | Sim, Younbo Byeon, Myeong Seop Kim, Keonhee Yu, Soon Ju Im, Jong Kwon |
author_sort | Sim, Younbo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lake Paldang is a complex water system with both fluvial and lacustrine characteristics and the largest artificial dam lake in South Korea. In this study, the different occurrence patterns and causes of the clear-water phase (CWP) were investigated using water quality and hydrological factors at four sites in Lake Paldang. Among the environmental and other factors associated with CWP occurrence, secchi depth and turbidity exhibited significant correlations with precipitation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and individual and relative abundance (RA) of zooplankton (Cladocera) (p < 0.01). Hence, a change in the HRT because of precipitation could alter the CWP. The Cladocera individuals and RA showed significant correlations with the water temperature, indicating that the emergence of Cladocera in spring as the water temperature rises could cause the CWP. Sensitivity assessments conducted using Bayesian models demonstrated different CWP occurrence sensitivity relationships for the river-type, lake-type, and shallow and deep sites. Turbidity, secchi depth, and zooplankton factors also showed sensitive relationships with CWP occurrence for all sites. The sensitivity to precipitation and HRT was higher in the river-type sites. The lake-type sites, with common Cladocera emergence and long HRT, favored CWP occurrence. Thus, CWP occurrence was dependent on the site characteristics and climate conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8297077 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82970772021-07-23 Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea Sim, Younbo Byeon, Myeong Seop Kim, Keonhee Yu, Soon Ju Im, Jong Kwon Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Lake Paldang is a complex water system with both fluvial and lacustrine characteristics and the largest artificial dam lake in South Korea. In this study, the different occurrence patterns and causes of the clear-water phase (CWP) were investigated using water quality and hydrological factors at four sites in Lake Paldang. Among the environmental and other factors associated with CWP occurrence, secchi depth and turbidity exhibited significant correlations with precipitation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and individual and relative abundance (RA) of zooplankton (Cladocera) (p < 0.01). Hence, a change in the HRT because of precipitation could alter the CWP. The Cladocera individuals and RA showed significant correlations with the water temperature, indicating that the emergence of Cladocera in spring as the water temperature rises could cause the CWP. Sensitivity assessments conducted using Bayesian models demonstrated different CWP occurrence sensitivity relationships for the river-type, lake-type, and shallow and deep sites. Turbidity, secchi depth, and zooplankton factors also showed sensitive relationships with CWP occurrence for all sites. The sensitivity to precipitation and HRT was higher in the river-type sites. The lake-type sites, with common Cladocera emergence and long HRT, favored CWP occurrence. Thus, CWP occurrence was dependent on the site characteristics and climate conditions. MDPI 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8297077/ /pubmed/34281142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137205 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sim, Younbo Byeon, Myeong Seop Kim, Keonhee Yu, Soon Ju Im, Jong Kwon Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title | Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title_full | Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title_fullStr | Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title_short | Influence of Zooplankton and Environmental Factors on Clear-Water Phase in Lake Paldang, South Korea |
title_sort | influence of zooplankton and environmental factors on clear-water phase in lake paldang, south korea |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137205 |
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