Cargando…
The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976 |
_version_ | 1783725808970366976 |
---|---|
author | Bhatia-Dey, Naina Heinbockel, Thomas |
author_facet | Bhatia-Dey, Naina Heinbockel, Thomas |
author_sort | Bhatia-Dey, Naina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8297221 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82972212021-07-23 The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Bhatia-Dey, Naina Heinbockel, Thomas Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. MDPI 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8297221/ /pubmed/34209997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bhatia-Dey, Naina Heinbockel, Thomas The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title | The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title_full | The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title_fullStr | The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title_short | The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
title_sort | olfactory system as marker of neurodegeneration in aging, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bhatiadeynaina theolfactorysystemasmarkerofneurodegenerationinagingneurologicalandneuropsychiatricdisorders AT heinbockelthomas theolfactorysystemasmarkerofneurodegenerationinagingneurologicalandneuropsychiatricdisorders AT bhatiadeynaina olfactorysystemasmarkerofneurodegenerationinagingneurologicalandneuropsychiatricdisorders AT heinbockelthomas olfactorysystemasmarkerofneurodegenerationinagingneurologicalandneuropsychiatricdisorders |