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The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent...

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Autores principales: Bhatia-Dey, Naina, Heinbockel, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209997
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976
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author Bhatia-Dey, Naina
Heinbockel, Thomas
author_facet Bhatia-Dey, Naina
Heinbockel, Thomas
author_sort Bhatia-Dey, Naina
collection PubMed
description Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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spelling pubmed-82972212021-07-23 The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Bhatia-Dey, Naina Heinbockel, Thomas Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to higher cortical and limbic structures. In rodent models, removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex that shows striking similarity with frontal cortex features of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders. Widely different approaches involving behavioral symptom analysis, histopathological and molecular alterations, genetic and environmental influences, along with age-related alterations in cellular pathways, indicate a strong correlation of olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Indeed, declining olfactory acuity and olfactory deficits emerge either as the very first symptoms or as prodromal symptoms of progressing neurodegeneration of classical conditions. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with most neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and communication disorders. Evidence revealing the dual molecular function of the olfactory receptor neurons at dendritic and axonal ends indicates the significance of olfactory processing pathways that come under environmental pressure right from the onset. Here, we review findings that olfactory bulb neuronal processing serves as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. MDPI 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8297221/ /pubmed/34209997 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bhatia-Dey, Naina
Heinbockel, Thomas
The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_full The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_fullStr The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_full_unstemmed The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_short The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_sort olfactory system as marker of neurodegeneration in aging, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209997
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136976
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