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Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Background—chlorhexidine (CHX) is most commonly used as a chemical plaque control agent. Nevertheless, its adverse effects, including teeth discoloration, taste alteration and calculus build-up, limit its use and divert us to medicinal herbs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemica...

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Autores principales: Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed, Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali, Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar, Marya, Anand, Nadaf, Sameer J., Sawant, Vijay J., Patil, Sandeep B., Venugopal, Adith, Messina, Pietro, Scardina, Giuseppe Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281099
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137162
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author Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar
Marya, Anand
Nadaf, Sameer J.
Sawant, Vijay J.
Patil, Sandeep B.
Venugopal, Adith
Messina, Pietro
Scardina, Giuseppe Alessandro
author_facet Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar
Marya, Anand
Nadaf, Sameer J.
Sawant, Vijay J.
Patil, Sandeep B.
Venugopal, Adith
Messina, Pietro
Scardina, Giuseppe Alessandro
author_sort Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed
collection PubMed
description Background—chlorhexidine (CHX) is most commonly used as a chemical plaque control agent. Nevertheless, its adverse effects, including teeth discoloration, taste alteration and calculus build-up, limit its use and divert us to medicinal herbs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of Mimusops elengi Linn extract (ME) over normal human cultured adult gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods—in vitro phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxic effects of ME extracts over HGF were explored. The viability of HGF cells was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake, and trypan blue assay after treatment with different concentrations of CHX and ME (0.3125 to 10 µg/mL). Results—ME showed some alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids exhibited relatively moderate-to-good antioxidant potential. Increasing the concentration of CHX and ME from 0.3125 to 10 µg/mL reduced cell viability from 29.71% to 1.07% and 96.12% to 56.02%, respectively. At higher concentrations, CHX reduced the viability of cells by 52.36-fold compared to ME, revealed by MTT assay. At 10 µg/mL concentration, the mean cell viability of CHX and ME-treated cells was 2.24% and 57.45%, respectively, revealed by a neutral red assay. The viability of CHX- and ME-treated HGF cells estimated at higher concentrations (10 µg/mL) using trypan blue assay was found to be 2.18% and 47.36%, respectively. A paired t-test showed significance (p < 0.05), and one-way ANOVA difference between the mean cell viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells at different concentrations. One-way ANOVA confirmed the significant difference between the viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells. Conclusions—The cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of ME emphasize its potential benefits. Therefore, it could emerge as a herbal alternative and adjunct to conventional oral hygiene methods, that can diminish periodontal tissue destruction.
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spelling pubmed-82972402021-07-23 Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar Marya, Anand Nadaf, Sameer J. Sawant, Vijay J. Patil, Sandeep B. Venugopal, Adith Messina, Pietro Scardina, Giuseppe Alessandro Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background—chlorhexidine (CHX) is most commonly used as a chemical plaque control agent. Nevertheless, its adverse effects, including teeth discoloration, taste alteration and calculus build-up, limit its use and divert us to medicinal herbs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of Mimusops elengi Linn extract (ME) over normal human cultured adult gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods—in vitro phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxic effects of ME extracts over HGF were explored. The viability of HGF cells was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake, and trypan blue assay after treatment with different concentrations of CHX and ME (0.3125 to 10 µg/mL). Results—ME showed some alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids exhibited relatively moderate-to-good antioxidant potential. Increasing the concentration of CHX and ME from 0.3125 to 10 µg/mL reduced cell viability from 29.71% to 1.07% and 96.12% to 56.02%, respectively. At higher concentrations, CHX reduced the viability of cells by 52.36-fold compared to ME, revealed by MTT assay. At 10 µg/mL concentration, the mean cell viability of CHX and ME-treated cells was 2.24% and 57.45%, respectively, revealed by a neutral red assay. The viability of CHX- and ME-treated HGF cells estimated at higher concentrations (10 µg/mL) using trypan blue assay was found to be 2.18% and 47.36%, respectively. A paired t-test showed significance (p < 0.05), and one-way ANOVA difference between the mean cell viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells at different concentrations. One-way ANOVA confirmed the significant difference between the viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells. Conclusions—The cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of ME emphasize its potential benefits. Therefore, it could emerge as a herbal alternative and adjunct to conventional oral hygiene methods, that can diminish periodontal tissue destruction. MDPI 2021-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8297240/ /pubmed/34281099 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137162 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bhavikatti, Shaeesta Khaleelahmed
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar
Marya, Anand
Nadaf, Sameer J.
Sawant, Vijay J.
Patil, Sandeep B.
Venugopal, Adith
Messina, Pietro
Scardina, Giuseppe Alessandro
Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title_full Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title_fullStr Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title_short Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
title_sort investigating the antioxidant and cytocompatibility of mimusops elengi linn extract over human gingival fibroblast cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281099
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137162
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