Cargando…
An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia
Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137023 |
_version_ | 1783725820166012928 |
---|---|
author | Hirpa, Selamawit Fogarty, Andrew Addissie, Adamu Bauld, Linda Frese, Thomas Unverzagt, Susanne Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna Getachew, Sefonias Deressa, Wakgari |
author_facet | Hirpa, Selamawit Fogarty, Andrew Addissie, Adamu Bauld, Linda Frese, Thomas Unverzagt, Susanne Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna Getachew, Sefonias Deressa, Wakgari |
author_sort | Hirpa, Selamawit |
collection | PubMed |
description | Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals’, and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4–44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4–19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9–10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1–8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8297266 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82972662021-07-23 An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia Hirpa, Selamawit Fogarty, Andrew Addissie, Adamu Bauld, Linda Frese, Thomas Unverzagt, Susanne Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna Getachew, Sefonias Deressa, Wakgari Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals’, and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4–44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4–19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9–10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1–8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use. MDPI 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8297266/ /pubmed/34209200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137023 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hirpa, Selamawit Fogarty, Andrew Addissie, Adamu Bauld, Linda Frese, Thomas Unverzagt, Susanne Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna Getachew, Sefonias Deressa, Wakgari An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title | An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title_full | An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title_fullStr | An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed | An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title_short | An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia |
title_sort | emerging problem of shisha smoking among high school students in ethiopia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137023 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hirpaselamawit anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT fogartyandrew anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT addissieadamu anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT bauldlinda anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT fresethomas anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT unverzagtsusanne anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT kantelhardtevajohanna anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT getachewsefonias anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT deressawakgari anemergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT hirpaselamawit emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT fogartyandrew emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT addissieadamu emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT bauldlinda emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT fresethomas emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT unverzagtsusanne emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT kantelhardtevajohanna emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT getachewsefonias emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia AT deressawakgari emergingproblemofshishasmokingamonghighschoolstudentsinethiopia |