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Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) success has led people to live longer with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and thus be exposed to increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension (HTN), the biggest contributor to CVD burden, is a growing concern among PLWH. The current report describes the pr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253742 |
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author | Dzudie, Anastase Hoover, Donald Kim, Hae-Young Ajeh, Rogers Adedimeji, Adebola Shi, Qiuhu Pefura Yone, Walter Nsame Nforniwe, Denis Thompson Njie, Kinge Pascal Kengne, Andre Ebasone, Peter Vanes Barche, Blaise Bissek Anne Cecile, Zoung-Kany Nash, Denis Yotebieng, Marcel Anastos, Kathryn |
author_facet | Dzudie, Anastase Hoover, Donald Kim, Hae-Young Ajeh, Rogers Adedimeji, Adebola Shi, Qiuhu Pefura Yone, Walter Nsame Nforniwe, Denis Thompson Njie, Kinge Pascal Kengne, Andre Ebasone, Peter Vanes Barche, Blaise Bissek Anne Cecile, Zoung-Kany Nash, Denis Yotebieng, Marcel Anastos, Kathryn |
author_sort | Dzudie, Anastase |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) success has led people to live longer with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and thus be exposed to increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension (HTN), the biggest contributor to CVD burden, is a growing concern among PLWH. The current report describes the prevalence and predictors of HTN among PLWH in care in Cameroon. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all PLWH aged 20 years and above who received care between 2016 and 2019 at one of the three Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) sites in Cameroon (Bamenda, Limbe, and Yaoundé). HTN was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Logistic regressions models examined the relationship between HTN and clinical characteristics, and HIV-related factors. RESULTS: Among 9,839 eligible PLWH, 66.2% were women and 25.0% had prevalent HTN [age-standardized prevalence 23.9% (95% CI: 22.2–25.6)], among whom 28 (1.1%) were on BP lowering treatment, and 6 of those (21.4%) were at target BP levels. Median age (47.4 vs. 40.5 years), self-reported duration of HIV infection (5.1 vs 2.8 years years), duration of ART exposure (4.7 vs 2.3 years), and CD4 count (408 vs 359 cell/mm(3)) were higher in hypertensives than non-hypertensives (all p<0.001). Age and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with higher prevalent HTN risk. PLWH starting ART had a 30% lower risk of prevalent HTN, but this advantage disappeared after a cumulative 2-year exposure to ART. There was no significant association between other HIV predictive characteristics and HTN. CONCLUSION: About a quarter of these Cameroonian PLWH had HTN, driven among others by age and adiposity. Appropriate integration of HIV and NCDs services is needed to improve early detection, treatment and control of common comorbid NCD risk factors like hypertension and safeguard cardiovascular health in PLWH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8297808 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82978082021-07-31 Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Dzudie, Anastase Hoover, Donald Kim, Hae-Young Ajeh, Rogers Adedimeji, Adebola Shi, Qiuhu Pefura Yone, Walter Nsame Nforniwe, Denis Thompson Njie, Kinge Pascal Kengne, Andre Ebasone, Peter Vanes Barche, Blaise Bissek Anne Cecile, Zoung-Kany Nash, Denis Yotebieng, Marcel Anastos, Kathryn PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) success has led people to live longer with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and thus be exposed to increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension (HTN), the biggest contributor to CVD burden, is a growing concern among PLWH. The current report describes the prevalence and predictors of HTN among PLWH in care in Cameroon. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all PLWH aged 20 years and above who received care between 2016 and 2019 at one of the three Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) sites in Cameroon (Bamenda, Limbe, and Yaoundé). HTN was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Logistic regressions models examined the relationship between HTN and clinical characteristics, and HIV-related factors. RESULTS: Among 9,839 eligible PLWH, 66.2% were women and 25.0% had prevalent HTN [age-standardized prevalence 23.9% (95% CI: 22.2–25.6)], among whom 28 (1.1%) were on BP lowering treatment, and 6 of those (21.4%) were at target BP levels. Median age (47.4 vs. 40.5 years), self-reported duration of HIV infection (5.1 vs 2.8 years years), duration of ART exposure (4.7 vs 2.3 years), and CD4 count (408 vs 359 cell/mm(3)) were higher in hypertensives than non-hypertensives (all p<0.001). Age and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with higher prevalent HTN risk. PLWH starting ART had a 30% lower risk of prevalent HTN, but this advantage disappeared after a cumulative 2-year exposure to ART. There was no significant association between other HIV predictive characteristics and HTN. CONCLUSION: About a quarter of these Cameroonian PLWH had HTN, driven among others by age and adiposity. Appropriate integration of HIV and NCDs services is needed to improve early detection, treatment and control of common comorbid NCD risk factors like hypertension and safeguard cardiovascular health in PLWH. Public Library of Science 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8297808/ /pubmed/34292956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253742 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dzudie, Anastase Hoover, Donald Kim, Hae-Young Ajeh, Rogers Adedimeji, Adebola Shi, Qiuhu Pefura Yone, Walter Nsame Nforniwe, Denis Thompson Njie, Kinge Pascal Kengne, Andre Ebasone, Peter Vanes Barche, Blaise Bissek Anne Cecile, Zoung-Kany Nash, Denis Yotebieng, Marcel Anastos, Kathryn Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title | Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title_full | Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title_fullStr | Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title_short | Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS |
title_sort | hypertension among people living with hiv/aids in cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis from central africa international epidemiology databases to evaluate aids |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253742 |
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