Lines of Treatment of COVID-19 Infection

This chapter describes the different lines of treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection with special consideration given to pregnant women. Lines of treatment include antiviral drugs mainly remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir combination; antibacterial drugs; antimalarial drugs mainly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; antiparasitic drugs especially ivermectin, anticoagulant therapy, immune-based therapy including immunomodulatory therapy (steroids, interleukin inhibitors, and interferons) and human-derived products (convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, and mesenchymal stem cells) host-directed therapy including metformin, statins, and pioglitazones, oxygen therapy and other therapeutic agents including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, lactoferrin, and melatonin. Each line is described regarding its effects in COVID-19 infection, the studies of using such therapy in COVID-19, and recommendations given by COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel of its use, its consideration, and possibility of its use during pregnancy.