Cargando…

Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia

Studies aimed at investigating brain regions involved in arousal state control have been traditionally limited to subcortical structures. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not two subregions within parietal cortex—somatosensory barrel field an...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huels, Emma R., Groenhout, Trent, Fields, Christopher W., Liu, Tiecheng, Mashour, George A., Pal, Dinesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34305541
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.690717
_version_ 1783726200449925120
author Huels, Emma R.
Groenhout, Trent
Fields, Christopher W.
Liu, Tiecheng
Mashour, George A.
Pal, Dinesh
author_facet Huels, Emma R.
Groenhout, Trent
Fields, Christopher W.
Liu, Tiecheng
Mashour, George A.
Pal, Dinesh
author_sort Huels, Emma R.
collection PubMed
description Studies aimed at investigating brain regions involved in arousal state control have been traditionally limited to subcortical structures. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not two subregions within parietal cortex—somatosensory barrel field and medial/lateral parietal association cortex—would suppress arousal, as measured by an increase in anesthetic sensitivity. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared for recording electroencephalogram and bilateral infusion into prefrontal cortex (N = 13), somatosensory barrel field (N = 10), or medial/lateral parietal association cortex (N = 9). After at least 10 days of post-surgical recovery, 156 μM tetrodotoxin or saline was microinjected into one of the cortical sites. Ninety minutes after injection, rats were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane and the time to loss of righting reflex, a surrogate for loss of consciousness, was measured. Sevoflurane was stopped after 45 min and the time to return of righting reflex, a surrogate for return of consciousness, was measured. Tetrodotoxin-mediated inactivation of all three cortical sites decreased (p < 0.05) the time to loss of righting reflex. By contrast, only inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not somatosensory barrel field or medial/lateral parietal association cortex, increased (p < 0.001) the time to return of righting reflex. Burst suppression ratio was not altered following inactivation of any of the cortical sites, suggesting that there was no global effect due to pharmacologic lesion. These findings demonstrate that prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in emergence from anesthesia and behavioral arousal.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8299111
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82991112021-07-24 Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia Huels, Emma R. Groenhout, Trent Fields, Christopher W. Liu, Tiecheng Mashour, George A. Pal, Dinesh Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience Studies aimed at investigating brain regions involved in arousal state control have been traditionally limited to subcortical structures. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not two subregions within parietal cortex—somatosensory barrel field and medial/lateral parietal association cortex—would suppress arousal, as measured by an increase in anesthetic sensitivity. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared for recording electroencephalogram and bilateral infusion into prefrontal cortex (N = 13), somatosensory barrel field (N = 10), or medial/lateral parietal association cortex (N = 9). After at least 10 days of post-surgical recovery, 156 μM tetrodotoxin or saline was microinjected into one of the cortical sites. Ninety minutes after injection, rats were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane and the time to loss of righting reflex, a surrogate for loss of consciousness, was measured. Sevoflurane was stopped after 45 min and the time to return of righting reflex, a surrogate for return of consciousness, was measured. Tetrodotoxin-mediated inactivation of all three cortical sites decreased (p < 0.05) the time to loss of righting reflex. By contrast, only inactivation of prefrontal cortex, but not somatosensory barrel field or medial/lateral parietal association cortex, increased (p < 0.001) the time to return of righting reflex. Burst suppression ratio was not altered following inactivation of any of the cortical sites, suggesting that there was no global effect due to pharmacologic lesion. These findings demonstrate that prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in emergence from anesthesia and behavioral arousal. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8299111/ /pubmed/34305541 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.690717 Text en Copyright © 2021 Huels, Groenhout, Fields, Liu, Mashour and Pal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Huels, Emma R.
Groenhout, Trent
Fields, Christopher W.
Liu, Tiecheng
Mashour, George A.
Pal, Dinesh
Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title_full Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title_fullStr Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title_full_unstemmed Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title_short Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Delays Emergence From Sevoflurane Anesthesia
title_sort inactivation of prefrontal cortex delays emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34305541
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.690717
work_keys_str_mv AT huelsemmar inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia
AT groenhouttrent inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia
AT fieldschristopherw inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia
AT liutiecheng inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia
AT mashourgeorgea inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia
AT paldinesh inactivationofprefrontalcortexdelaysemergencefromsevofluraneanesthesia