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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies

Like humans, horses are susceptible to neurotropic and neuroinvasive pathogens that are not always readily identified in histological sections. Instead, alterations in astrocytes and microglia cells can be used as pathological hallmarks of injured nervous tissue in a variety of infectious and degene...

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Autores principales: Boos, Gisele Silva, Failing, Klaus, Colodel, Edson Moleta, Driemeier, David, de Castro, Márcio Botelho, Bassuino, Daniele Mariath, Diomedes Barbosa, José, Herden, Christiane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34307520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660022
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author Boos, Gisele Silva
Failing, Klaus
Colodel, Edson Moleta
Driemeier, David
de Castro, Márcio Botelho
Bassuino, Daniele Mariath
Diomedes Barbosa, José
Herden, Christiane
author_facet Boos, Gisele Silva
Failing, Klaus
Colodel, Edson Moleta
Driemeier, David
de Castro, Márcio Botelho
Bassuino, Daniele Mariath
Diomedes Barbosa, José
Herden, Christiane
author_sort Boos, Gisele Silva
collection PubMed
description Like humans, horses are susceptible to neurotropic and neuroinvasive pathogens that are not always readily identified in histological sections. Instead, alterations in astrocytes and microglia cells can be used as pathological hallmarks of injured nervous tissue in a variety of infectious and degenerative diseases. On the other hand, equine glial cell alterations are poorly characterized in diseases. Therefore, in this study, we provide a statistically proved score system to classify astrogliosis and microgliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of horses, based on morphological and quantitative analyses of 35 equine cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathies and four non-altered CNS as controls. For this system, we used glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry, allied to statistical analysis to confirm that the scores were correctly designated. The scores of alterations ranged from 0 (non-altered) to 3 (severely altered) and provided a helpful method for describing astrocytic and microglial alterations in horses suffering from inflammatory and degenerative lesions. This system could be a template for comparative studies in other animal species and could aid algorithms designed for artificial intelligence methods lacking a defined morphological pattern.
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spelling pubmed-82992062021-07-24 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies Boos, Gisele Silva Failing, Klaus Colodel, Edson Moleta Driemeier, David de Castro, Márcio Botelho Bassuino, Daniele Mariath Diomedes Barbosa, José Herden, Christiane Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Like humans, horses are susceptible to neurotropic and neuroinvasive pathogens that are not always readily identified in histological sections. Instead, alterations in astrocytes and microglia cells can be used as pathological hallmarks of injured nervous tissue in a variety of infectious and degenerative diseases. On the other hand, equine glial cell alterations are poorly characterized in diseases. Therefore, in this study, we provide a statistically proved score system to classify astrogliosis and microgliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of horses, based on morphological and quantitative analyses of 35 equine cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathies and four non-altered CNS as controls. For this system, we used glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry, allied to statistical analysis to confirm that the scores were correctly designated. The scores of alterations ranged from 0 (non-altered) to 3 (severely altered) and provided a helpful method for describing astrocytic and microglial alterations in horses suffering from inflammatory and degenerative lesions. This system could be a template for comparative studies in other animal species and could aid algorithms designed for artificial intelligence methods lacking a defined morphological pattern. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8299206/ /pubmed/34307520 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660022 Text en Copyright © 2021 Boos, Failing, Colodel, Driemeier, Castro, Bassuino, Diomedes Barbosa and Herden. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Boos, Gisele Silva
Failing, Klaus
Colodel, Edson Moleta
Driemeier, David
de Castro, Márcio Botelho
Bassuino, Daniele Mariath
Diomedes Barbosa, José
Herden, Christiane
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title_full Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title_fullStr Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title_full_unstemmed Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title_short Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
title_sort glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining score for the central nervous system of horses with non-suppurative encephalitis and encephalopathies
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8299206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34307520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660022
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