Hypertension as an Unusual Cause of Proliferative Retinopathy: Case Report and Literature Review

Malignant hypertensive retinopathy is associated with characteristic fundus findings that typically do not include proliferative retinal vascular changes. We present the case of a 34-year-old patient who had bilateral decreased vision and was found to have malignant hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy changes along with unforeseen bilateral neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage. Detailed history and extensive systemic and ophthalmic workup failed to reveal an alternative explanation for her proliferative retinopathy. Blood pressure control and panretinal photocoagulation halted further deterioration. Malignant hypertensive retinopathy can rarely cause profound retinal ischemia leading to retinal neovascularization. This case further supports the presence of “proliferative hypertensive retinopathy” that needs to be identified and addressed urgently through collaboration between internists and ophthalmologists.