Expert Perspectives on the Performance of Explosive Detection Canines: Operational Requirements

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Explosive detection canines safeguard lives and property by searching out and identifying explosive threats. The handlers, trainers, and leaders who work closely with these canines best understand what they are asked to do when tasked to search for explosives. This study used interviews with these highly experienced individuals to identify the requirements of explosive detection canines in team performance and in the physical, climate, operational, and explosive odor environments. These canines are used in different ways, and these differences influence their requirements. Despite these utilization differences, many requirements common to all explosive detection canines were identified. Searching for explosives is a team effort, and the handler likely has the greatest influence on the canine’s performance. A key requirement is appropriate preparation for the expected operational environment. The results of this study can inform the training, assessment, and utilization of these canines and guide future research in explosive detection canine research. ABSTRACT: Explosive detection canines (EDC) play an important role in protecting people and property. The utilization of and research on EDCs is often based on personal experience or incomplete knowledge. EDC practitioners (handlers, trainers, and leaders) possess the institutional knowledge necessary to understand EDC operational requirements. This study utilized a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews of EDC experts (n = 17) from across the employment spectrum. The interviews elicited EDC expert perceptions of the performance of the EDC team and the operational requirements in the physical, climate, operational, and explosive odor environments. Analysis of the data revealed commonalities across all EDCs and utilization-specific differences. To be effective, the EDC team must function well on both ends of the leash, and the handler likely has the greatest impact on the EDC’s performance. Common requirements include expectations to perform at a high level in a variety of manmade and natural physical environments and under a range of climate conditions. EDCs must work through the visual, olfactory, and auditory challenges of the operational environment and the countermeasure efforts of those utilizing explosive devices. Utilization-specific differences like patrol or assault training and utilization add additional requirements for some EDCs. The results of this study can be used to inform EDC selection, training, assessment, and deployment, and further research into EDC performance.