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A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods

This study reveals that fossil shungite samples exhibit antioxidant activity, can reduce oxidized components, and bind to free radicals. A sample of Sh20 (size fraction—20 μm) (1.30 mg equivalents of ascorbic acid/g of shungite; 3.46 mg equivalents of trolox/g of shungite; 0.99 mg equivalents of que...

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Autores principales: Skrypnik, Liubov, Babich, Olga, Sukhikh, Stanislav, Shishko, Olga, Ivanova, Svetlana, Mozhei, Oleg, Kochish, Ivan, Nikonov, Ilia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356354
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071121
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author Skrypnik, Liubov
Babich, Olga
Sukhikh, Stanislav
Shishko, Olga
Ivanova, Svetlana
Mozhei, Oleg
Kochish, Ivan
Nikonov, Ilia
author_facet Skrypnik, Liubov
Babich, Olga
Sukhikh, Stanislav
Shishko, Olga
Ivanova, Svetlana
Mozhei, Oleg
Kochish, Ivan
Nikonov, Ilia
author_sort Skrypnik, Liubov
collection PubMed
description This study reveals that fossil shungite samples exhibit antioxidant activity, can reduce oxidized components, and bind to free radicals. A sample of Sh20 (size fraction—20 μm) (1.30 mg equivalents of ascorbic acid/g of shungite; 3.46 mg equivalents of trolox/g of shungite; 0.99 mg equivalents of quercetin/g of shungite) had the maximal activity according to the amperometric method. The obtained data indicate that shungite has antioxidant properties, but these are approximately 1000 times less pronounced than those of quercetin. A ShT20 sample (size fraction—20 μm + heat treatment) was found to have the highest antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and cytotoxicity. Further studies, including the optimization of the antioxidant extraction conditions of shungite, and the analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the obtained extracts, are required for a more accurate interpretation of the results. Shungite can be applied as an alternative to activated carbon in water purification, due to its absorption, catalytic, antioxidant, regenerating, and antibacterial properties, as well as its high environmental safety and relatively low cost. It is possible to identify new structural forms of carbon within, and other valuable properties of, shungite substance, which will make it possible to create effective technologies for the practical use of shungite rocks, particularly in the production of fullerenes and other carbon nanoclusters.
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spelling pubmed-83010572021-07-24 A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods Skrypnik, Liubov Babich, Olga Sukhikh, Stanislav Shishko, Olga Ivanova, Svetlana Mozhei, Oleg Kochish, Ivan Nikonov, Ilia Antioxidants (Basel) Article This study reveals that fossil shungite samples exhibit antioxidant activity, can reduce oxidized components, and bind to free radicals. A sample of Sh20 (size fraction—20 μm) (1.30 mg equivalents of ascorbic acid/g of shungite; 3.46 mg equivalents of trolox/g of shungite; 0.99 mg equivalents of quercetin/g of shungite) had the maximal activity according to the amperometric method. The obtained data indicate that shungite has antioxidant properties, but these are approximately 1000 times less pronounced than those of quercetin. A ShT20 sample (size fraction—20 μm + heat treatment) was found to have the highest antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and cytotoxicity. Further studies, including the optimization of the antioxidant extraction conditions of shungite, and the analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the obtained extracts, are required for a more accurate interpretation of the results. Shungite can be applied as an alternative to activated carbon in water purification, due to its absorption, catalytic, antioxidant, regenerating, and antibacterial properties, as well as its high environmental safety and relatively low cost. It is possible to identify new structural forms of carbon within, and other valuable properties of, shungite substance, which will make it possible to create effective technologies for the practical use of shungite rocks, particularly in the production of fullerenes and other carbon nanoclusters. MDPI 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8301057/ /pubmed/34356354 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071121 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Skrypnik, Liubov
Babich, Olga
Sukhikh, Stanislav
Shishko, Olga
Ivanova, Svetlana
Mozhei, Oleg
Kochish, Ivan
Nikonov, Ilia
A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title_full A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title_fullStr A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title_full_unstemmed A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title_short A Study of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Adsorption Properties of Karelian Shungite by Physicochemical Methods
title_sort study of the antioxidant, cytotoxic activity and adsorption properties of karelian shungite by physicochemical methods
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356354
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071121
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