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Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood
The number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing worldwide. In particular, the early onset of MDD from adolescence to young adulthood is more problematic than the later onset. The specific and expeditious identification of MDD before the occurrence of severe symptoms is sign...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301344/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206551 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070708 |
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author | Kim, Jinho Kim, Jong-Hoon Chang, Keun-A |
author_facet | Kim, Jinho Kim, Jong-Hoon Chang, Keun-A |
author_sort | Kim, Jinho |
collection | PubMed |
description | The number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing worldwide. In particular, the early onset of MDD from adolescence to young adulthood is more problematic than the later onset. The specific and expeditious identification of MDD before the occurrence of severe symptoms is significant for future interventions or therapies; however, there is no accurate diagnostic marker that has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. In the present study, to identify the possibility of blood markers for depression, we first measured the baseline inflammatory biomarkers in the peripheral blood of 50 treatment-naïve young adults with MDD and 50 matched healthy controls. We then analyzed the correlation between prospective biomarkers and depressive symptoms using scores from various clinical depression indices. We also identified differential responses between males and females in prospective biomarkers. In young adulthood, men with MDD had increased peripheral interleukin (IL)-17 levels, whereas women with MDD had significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with healthy controls. However, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL1, CCL2, adiponectin, and cortisol were not significantly different in young adult individuals with MDD. Higher levels of IL-17 in the male group and of IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP in the female group may have been associated with the clinical symptoms of MDD, including depressive moods, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological resilience. Our findings will be useful in developing diagnostic tools or treatments for MDD in young adulthood. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8301344 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83013442021-07-24 Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood Kim, Jinho Kim, Jong-Hoon Chang, Keun-A Biomedicines Article The number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing worldwide. In particular, the early onset of MDD from adolescence to young adulthood is more problematic than the later onset. The specific and expeditious identification of MDD before the occurrence of severe symptoms is significant for future interventions or therapies; however, there is no accurate diagnostic marker that has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. In the present study, to identify the possibility of blood markers for depression, we first measured the baseline inflammatory biomarkers in the peripheral blood of 50 treatment-naïve young adults with MDD and 50 matched healthy controls. We then analyzed the correlation between prospective biomarkers and depressive symptoms using scores from various clinical depression indices. We also identified differential responses between males and females in prospective biomarkers. In young adulthood, men with MDD had increased peripheral interleukin (IL)-17 levels, whereas women with MDD had significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with healthy controls. However, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL1, CCL2, adiponectin, and cortisol were not significantly different in young adult individuals with MDD. Higher levels of IL-17 in the male group and of IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP in the female group may have been associated with the clinical symptoms of MDD, including depressive moods, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological resilience. Our findings will be useful in developing diagnostic tools or treatments for MDD in young adulthood. MDPI 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8301344/ /pubmed/34206551 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070708 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Jinho Kim, Jong-Hoon Chang, Keun-A Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title | Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title_full | Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title_fullStr | Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title_short | Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood |
title_sort | sex difference in peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in drug-naïve patients with major depression in young adulthood |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301344/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206551 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070708 |
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