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The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review

Dexmedetomidine, selective α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. The role of dexmedetomidine has been an interesting topic of neonatological and anesthetic research since a series of advantages of dexmedetomidine, such as enhancing recove...

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Autores principales: Liaquat, Zaara, Xu, Xiaoying, Zilundu, Prince Last Mudenda, Fu, Rao, Zhou, Lihua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34202110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070846
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author Liaquat, Zaara
Xu, Xiaoying
Zilundu, Prince Last Mudenda
Fu, Rao
Zhou, Lihua
author_facet Liaquat, Zaara
Xu, Xiaoying
Zilundu, Prince Last Mudenda
Fu, Rao
Zhou, Lihua
author_sort Liaquat, Zaara
collection PubMed
description Dexmedetomidine, selective α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. The role of dexmedetomidine has been an interesting topic of neonatological and anesthetic research since a series of advantages of dexmedetomidine, such as enhancing recovery from surgery, reducing opioid prescription, decreasing sympathetic tone, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, and protecting organs, were reported. Particularly, an increasing number of animal studies have demonstrated that dexmedetomidine ameliorates the neurological outcomes associated with various brain and spinal cord injuries. In addition, a growing number of clinical trials have reported the efficacy of dexmedetomidine for decreasing the rates of postoperative neurological dysfunction, such as delirium and stroke, which strongly highlights the possibility of dexmedetomidine functioning as a neuroprotective agent for future clinical use. Mechanism studies have linked dexmedetomidine’s neuroprotective properties with its modulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity via the α2-adrenergic receptor, dependently or independently. By reviewing recent advances and preclinical and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine, we hope to provide a complete understanding of the above mechanism and provide insights into the potential efficacy of this agent in clinical use for patients.
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spelling pubmed-83019522021-07-24 The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review Liaquat, Zaara Xu, Xiaoying Zilundu, Prince Last Mudenda Fu, Rao Zhou, Lihua Brain Sci Review Dexmedetomidine, selective α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. The role of dexmedetomidine has been an interesting topic of neonatological and anesthetic research since a series of advantages of dexmedetomidine, such as enhancing recovery from surgery, reducing opioid prescription, decreasing sympathetic tone, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, and protecting organs, were reported. Particularly, an increasing number of animal studies have demonstrated that dexmedetomidine ameliorates the neurological outcomes associated with various brain and spinal cord injuries. In addition, a growing number of clinical trials have reported the efficacy of dexmedetomidine for decreasing the rates of postoperative neurological dysfunction, such as delirium and stroke, which strongly highlights the possibility of dexmedetomidine functioning as a neuroprotective agent for future clinical use. Mechanism studies have linked dexmedetomidine’s neuroprotective properties with its modulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity via the α2-adrenergic receptor, dependently or independently. By reviewing recent advances and preclinical and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine, we hope to provide a complete understanding of the above mechanism and provide insights into the potential efficacy of this agent in clinical use for patients. MDPI 2021-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8301952/ /pubmed/34202110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070846 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liaquat, Zaara
Xu, Xiaoying
Zilundu, Prince Last Mudenda
Fu, Rao
Zhou, Lihua
The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title_full The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title_fullStr The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title_full_unstemmed The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title_short The Current Role of Dexmedetomidine as Neuroprotective Agent: An Updated Review
title_sort current role of dexmedetomidine as neuroprotective agent: an updated review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34202110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070846
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