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Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Optimal bone health is vital in children to prevent osteoporosis later in life, and body composition plays a crucial role in it. However, the literature reports contradictory results when considering the relationship between body composition and bone health in children. This study aimed...

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Autores principales: Koo, Hui Chin, Lim, Geok Pei, Kaur, Satvinder, Chan, Kai Quin, Chan, Keh En, Chung, Casey, Wong, Michelle, Danaselvam, Ugunesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8070569
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author Koo, Hui Chin
Lim, Geok Pei
Kaur, Satvinder
Chan, Kai Quin
Chan, Keh En
Chung, Casey
Wong, Michelle
Danaselvam, Ugunesh
author_facet Koo, Hui Chin
Lim, Geok Pei
Kaur, Satvinder
Chan, Kai Quin
Chan, Keh En
Chung, Casey
Wong, Michelle
Danaselvam, Ugunesh
author_sort Koo, Hui Chin
collection PubMed
description Background: Optimal bone health is vital in children to prevent osteoporosis later in life, and body composition plays a crucial role in it. However, the literature reports contradictory results when considering the relationship between body composition and bone health in children. This study aimed to examine the bone health and its relationship with body composition in Malaysian schoolchildren. Methods: In this cross sectional study, body composition data (weight, height, body fat percentage [% fat], fat mass, fat free mass, visceral fat, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index-for-age [BMI z-score]) and bone health data (Z-score and broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA]) were collected from 415 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years, cluster sampled from randomly selected primary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Girls generally had significantly higher height, body fat percentage, fat mass, visceral fat and Z-score as compared to boys. A steady increase of the mean BUA value was observed with increasing age in both sexes. The mean BUA value of the present study across the population was significantly higher than that of schoolchildren from Nigeria (p < 0.001), Colombia (p < 0.001) and Spain (p = 0.002). Significant positive correlations were found between all the body composition variables and bone outcome variables across the population. Further, BUA was significantly correlated with weight (β = 0.172; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.299; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.131; p = 0.007), fat mass (β = 0.130; p = 0.007), fat free mass (β = 0.209; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.127, p = 0.008), WC (β = 0.165; p = 0.001) and BMI z-score (β = 0.162; p = 0.001), after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity. Similarly, after confounders adjusted, Z-score was significantly predicted by weight (β = 0.160; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.310; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.104; p = 0.032), fat mass (β = 0.107; p = 0.026), fat free mass (β = 0.218; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.107, p = 0.026), WC (β = 0.145; p = 0.002) and BMI z-score (β = 0.150; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that body composition variables were positive correlated with bone outcome variables, suggesting that adipose tissue acts to stimulate bone growth. Further clinical and molecular studies in the future is recommended to fully illustrate the complex interactions between adiposity and bone health.
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spelling pubmed-83033972021-07-25 Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study Koo, Hui Chin Lim, Geok Pei Kaur, Satvinder Chan, Kai Quin Chan, Keh En Chung, Casey Wong, Michelle Danaselvam, Ugunesh Children (Basel) Article Background: Optimal bone health is vital in children to prevent osteoporosis later in life, and body composition plays a crucial role in it. However, the literature reports contradictory results when considering the relationship between body composition and bone health in children. This study aimed to examine the bone health and its relationship with body composition in Malaysian schoolchildren. Methods: In this cross sectional study, body composition data (weight, height, body fat percentage [% fat], fat mass, fat free mass, visceral fat, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index-for-age [BMI z-score]) and bone health data (Z-score and broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA]) were collected from 415 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years, cluster sampled from randomly selected primary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Girls generally had significantly higher height, body fat percentage, fat mass, visceral fat and Z-score as compared to boys. A steady increase of the mean BUA value was observed with increasing age in both sexes. The mean BUA value of the present study across the population was significantly higher than that of schoolchildren from Nigeria (p < 0.001), Colombia (p < 0.001) and Spain (p = 0.002). Significant positive correlations were found between all the body composition variables and bone outcome variables across the population. Further, BUA was significantly correlated with weight (β = 0.172; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.299; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.131; p = 0.007), fat mass (β = 0.130; p = 0.007), fat free mass (β = 0.209; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.127, p = 0.008), WC (β = 0.165; p = 0.001) and BMI z-score (β = 0.162; p = 0.001), after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity. Similarly, after confounders adjusted, Z-score was significantly predicted by weight (β = 0.160; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.310; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.104; p = 0.032), fat mass (β = 0.107; p = 0.026), fat free mass (β = 0.218; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.107, p = 0.026), WC (β = 0.145; p = 0.002) and BMI z-score (β = 0.150; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that body composition variables were positive correlated with bone outcome variables, suggesting that adipose tissue acts to stimulate bone growth. Further clinical and molecular studies in the future is recommended to fully illustrate the complex interactions between adiposity and bone health. MDPI 2021-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8303397/ /pubmed/34356548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8070569 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Koo, Hui Chin
Lim, Geok Pei
Kaur, Satvinder
Chan, Kai Quin
Chan, Keh En
Chung, Casey
Wong, Michelle
Danaselvam, Ugunesh
Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort bone health and its positive relationships with body composition in malaysian schoolchildren: findings from a cross-sectional study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8070569
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