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General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants
The conformational stability of globular proteins is strongly influenced by the addition to water of different co-solutes. Some of the latter destabilize the native state, while others stabilize it. It is emerging that stabilizing agents are able to counteract the action of destabilizing agents. We...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070652 |
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author | Cozzolino, Serena Tortorella, Attila Del Vecchio, Pompea Graziano, Giuseppe |
author_facet | Cozzolino, Serena Tortorella, Attila Del Vecchio, Pompea Graziano, Giuseppe |
author_sort | Cozzolino, Serena |
collection | PubMed |
description | The conformational stability of globular proteins is strongly influenced by the addition to water of different co-solutes. Some of the latter destabilize the native state, while others stabilize it. It is emerging that stabilizing agents are able to counteract the action of destabilizing agents. We have already provided experimental evidence that this counteraction is a general phenomenon and offered a rationalization. In the present work, we show that four different sugars, namely fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose, counteract the effect of urea, tetramethylurea, sodium perchlorate, guanidinium chloride, and guanidinium thiocyanate despite the chemical and structural differences of those destabilizing agents. The rationalization we provide is as follows: (a) the solvent-excluded volume effect, a purely entropic effect, stabilizes the native state, whose solvent-accessible surface area is smaller than the one of denatured conformations; (b) the magnitude of the solvent-excluded volume effect increases markedly in ternary solutions because the experimental density of such solutions is larger than that of pure water. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8303697 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83036972021-07-25 General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants Cozzolino, Serena Tortorella, Attila Del Vecchio, Pompea Graziano, Giuseppe Life (Basel) Article The conformational stability of globular proteins is strongly influenced by the addition to water of different co-solutes. Some of the latter destabilize the native state, while others stabilize it. It is emerging that stabilizing agents are able to counteract the action of destabilizing agents. We have already provided experimental evidence that this counteraction is a general phenomenon and offered a rationalization. In the present work, we show that four different sugars, namely fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose, counteract the effect of urea, tetramethylurea, sodium perchlorate, guanidinium chloride, and guanidinium thiocyanate despite the chemical and structural differences of those destabilizing agents. The rationalization we provide is as follows: (a) the solvent-excluded volume effect, a purely entropic effect, stabilizes the native state, whose solvent-accessible surface area is smaller than the one of denatured conformations; (b) the magnitude of the solvent-excluded volume effect increases markedly in ternary solutions because the experimental density of such solutions is larger than that of pure water. MDPI 2021-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8303697/ /pubmed/34357025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070652 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cozzolino, Serena Tortorella, Attila Del Vecchio, Pompea Graziano, Giuseppe General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title | General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title_full | General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title_fullStr | General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title_full_unstemmed | General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title_short | General Counteraction Exerted by Sugars against Denaturants |
title_sort | general counteraction exerted by sugars against denaturants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070652 |
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