Ultrasound-Guided Near-Nerve Needle Sensory Technique for the Diagnosis of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Background: Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is one of the most common entrapment syndromes. Although diagnosis is supported by imaging tests, it has so far been based on clinical findings. Neurophysiological tests are not effective for providing an accurate diagnosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the ultrasound-guided near-nerve needle sensory technique (USG-NNNS) for the diagnosis of TTS Methods: The study population comprised 40 patients referred for a neurophysiological study owing to clinical suspicion of TTS. Routine neurophysiological tests were performed and compared with the results of USG-NNNS. Results: The diagnosis of TTS was achieved in 90% of cases. We found significant differences between lateral plantar sensory recordings with surface electrodes and USG-NNNS techniques for amplitude, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and duration. As for the medial plantar sensory recordings, differences were found only for duration. No responses were obtained with surface electrode studies in 64.8% of cases. In addition, we observed normal sensory NCV with surface electrodes in 20 patients, although this decreased when the NNNS technique was used. Conclusions: This is the first report of the efficacy of the USG-NNNS technique for confirming the diagnosis of TTS.