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Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method

Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insol...

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Autores principales: Ooishi, Mako, Yamada, Satoshi, Itoh, Toshiya, Meguro, Shiori, Yagi, Haruna, Kosugi, Isao, Iwashita, Toshihide, Shinmura, Kazuya, Misawa, Kiyoshi, Hariyama, Takahiko, Kawasaki, Hideya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209027
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193
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author Ooishi, Mako
Yamada, Satoshi
Itoh, Toshiya
Meguro, Shiori
Yagi, Haruna
Kosugi, Isao
Iwashita, Toshihide
Shinmura, Kazuya
Misawa, Kiyoshi
Hariyama, Takahiko
Kawasaki, Hideya
author_facet Ooishi, Mako
Yamada, Satoshi
Itoh, Toshiya
Meguro, Shiori
Yagi, Haruna
Kosugi, Isao
Iwashita, Toshihide
Shinmura, Kazuya
Misawa, Kiyoshi
Hariyama, Takahiko
Kawasaki, Hideya
author_sort Ooishi, Mako
collection PubMed
description Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insoluble structure that binds to potassium ions in the digestive tract and exchanges them with sodium and calcium ions, respectively, to promote their elimination. PS crystals are rhomboid, refractive, and basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin staining. To differentiate PS crystals from other ion-exchange resin crystals such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, periodic acid–Schiff, Ziehl–Neelsen, and Congo red staining are usually performed. Here, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the NanoSuit method (CENM) was applied to perform a definitive identification of ion-exchange resins. CENM could detect sulfur in PS crystals without destroying the glass slides. Notably, PS retained its ion-exchange ability to bind potassium in paraffin sections. Differential diagnosis of anion-exchange resins, such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, was possible using these characteristics. The phosphorus:carbon ratio was higher in sevelamer than in cholestyramine after soaking paraffin sections in a phosphate solution. Therefore, CENM may be used for the differential pathological diagnosis of ion-exchange resins in paraffin sections.
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spelling pubmed-83040922021-07-25 Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method Ooishi, Mako Yamada, Satoshi Itoh, Toshiya Meguro, Shiori Yagi, Haruna Kosugi, Isao Iwashita, Toshihide Shinmura, Kazuya Misawa, Kiyoshi Hariyama, Takahiko Kawasaki, Hideya Diagnostics (Basel) Article Ion-exchange resins are commonly used to treat complications such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal complications may occur as side effects of such treatments. Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (PS-Ca) are cation-exchange resins comprising an insoluble structure that binds to potassium ions in the digestive tract and exchanges them with sodium and calcium ions, respectively, to promote their elimination. PS crystals are rhomboid, refractive, and basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin staining. To differentiate PS crystals from other ion-exchange resin crystals such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, periodic acid–Schiff, Ziehl–Neelsen, and Congo red staining are usually performed. Here, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the NanoSuit method (CENM) was applied to perform a definitive identification of ion-exchange resins. CENM could detect sulfur in PS crystals without destroying the glass slides. Notably, PS retained its ion-exchange ability to bind potassium in paraffin sections. Differential diagnosis of anion-exchange resins, such as sevelamer and cholestyramine, was possible using these characteristics. The phosphorus:carbon ratio was higher in sevelamer than in cholestyramine after soaking paraffin sections in a phosphate solution. Therefore, CENM may be used for the differential pathological diagnosis of ion-exchange resins in paraffin sections. MDPI 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8304092/ /pubmed/34209027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ooishi, Mako
Yamada, Satoshi
Itoh, Toshiya
Meguro, Shiori
Yagi, Haruna
Kosugi, Isao
Iwashita, Toshihide
Shinmura, Kazuya
Misawa, Kiyoshi
Hariyama, Takahiko
Kawasaki, Hideya
Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title_full Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title_fullStr Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title_short Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
title_sort diagnosis of ion-exchange resin depositions in paraffin sections using corrective light and electron microscopy-nanosuit method
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209027
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193
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