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Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In addition to cancer-related factors, anti-cancer chemotherapy treatment can drive life-threatening body wasting in a syndrome known as cachexia. Emerging evidence has described the impact of several key chemotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle in particular, and the mechanisms ar...

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Autores principales: Campelj, Dean G., Goodman, Craig A., Rybalka, Emma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34298829
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143615
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author Campelj, Dean G.
Goodman, Craig A.
Rybalka, Emma
author_facet Campelj, Dean G.
Goodman, Craig A.
Rybalka, Emma
author_sort Campelj, Dean G.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: In addition to cancer-related factors, anti-cancer chemotherapy treatment can drive life-threatening body wasting in a syndrome known as cachexia. Emerging evidence has described the impact of several key chemotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle in particular, and the mechanisms are gradually being unravelled. Despite this evidence, there remains very little research regarding therapeutic strategies to protect muscle during anti-cancer treatment and current global grand challenges focused on deciphering the cachexia conundrum fail to consider this aspect—chemotherapy-induced myopathy remains very much on the dark side of the cachexia sphere. This review explores the impact and mechanisms of, and current investigative strategies to protect against, chemotherapy-induced myopathy to illuminate this serious issue. ABSTRACT: Cancer cachexia is a debilitating multi-factorial wasting syndrome characterised by severe skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction (i.e., myopathy). In the oncology setting, cachexia arises from synergistic insults from both cancer–host interactions and chemotherapy-related toxicity. The majority of studies have surrounded the cancer–host interaction side of cancer cachexia, often overlooking the capability of chemotherapy to induce cachectic myopathy. Accumulating evidence in experimental models of cachexia suggests that some chemotherapeutic agents rapidly induce cachectic myopathy, although the underlying mechanisms responsible vary between agents. Importantly, we highlight the capacity of specific chemotherapeutic agents to induce cachectic myopathy, as not all chemotherapies have been evaluated for cachexia-inducing properties—alone or in clinically compatible regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the experimental evidence surrounding therapeutic strategies that have been evaluated in chemotherapy-induced cachexia models, with particular focus on exercise interventions and adjuvant therapeutic candidates targeted at the mitochondria.
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spelling pubmed-83043492021-07-25 Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere Campelj, Dean G. Goodman, Craig A. Rybalka, Emma Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: In addition to cancer-related factors, anti-cancer chemotherapy treatment can drive life-threatening body wasting in a syndrome known as cachexia. Emerging evidence has described the impact of several key chemotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle in particular, and the mechanisms are gradually being unravelled. Despite this evidence, there remains very little research regarding therapeutic strategies to protect muscle during anti-cancer treatment and current global grand challenges focused on deciphering the cachexia conundrum fail to consider this aspect—chemotherapy-induced myopathy remains very much on the dark side of the cachexia sphere. This review explores the impact and mechanisms of, and current investigative strategies to protect against, chemotherapy-induced myopathy to illuminate this serious issue. ABSTRACT: Cancer cachexia is a debilitating multi-factorial wasting syndrome characterised by severe skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction (i.e., myopathy). In the oncology setting, cachexia arises from synergistic insults from both cancer–host interactions and chemotherapy-related toxicity. The majority of studies have surrounded the cancer–host interaction side of cancer cachexia, often overlooking the capability of chemotherapy to induce cachectic myopathy. Accumulating evidence in experimental models of cachexia suggests that some chemotherapeutic agents rapidly induce cachectic myopathy, although the underlying mechanisms responsible vary between agents. Importantly, we highlight the capacity of specific chemotherapeutic agents to induce cachectic myopathy, as not all chemotherapies have been evaluated for cachexia-inducing properties—alone or in clinically compatible regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the experimental evidence surrounding therapeutic strategies that have been evaluated in chemotherapy-induced cachexia models, with particular focus on exercise interventions and adjuvant therapeutic candidates targeted at the mitochondria. MDPI 2021-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8304349/ /pubmed/34298829 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143615 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Campelj, Dean G.
Goodman, Craig A.
Rybalka, Emma
Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title_full Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title_fullStr Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title_full_unstemmed Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title_short Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere
title_sort chemotherapy-induced myopathy: the dark side of the cachexia sphere
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34298829
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143615
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