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Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants

Providing adequate amounts of all essential macro- and micronutrients to preterm infants during the period of extraordinarily rapid growth from 24 to 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age to achieve growth as in utero is challenging yet important, since early growth restriction and suboptimal neonatal nutriti...

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Autores principales: Wiechers, Cornelia, Bernhard, Wolfgang, Goelz, Rangmar, Poets, Christian F., Franz, Axel R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300000
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147544
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author Wiechers, Cornelia
Bernhard, Wolfgang
Goelz, Rangmar
Poets, Christian F.
Franz, Axel R.
author_facet Wiechers, Cornelia
Bernhard, Wolfgang
Goelz, Rangmar
Poets, Christian F.
Franz, Axel R.
author_sort Wiechers, Cornelia
collection PubMed
description Providing adequate amounts of all essential macro- and micronutrients to preterm infants during the period of extraordinarily rapid growth from 24 to 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age to achieve growth as in utero is challenging yet important, since early growth restriction and suboptimal neonatal nutrition have been identified as risk factors for adverse long-term development. Along with now well-established early parenteral nutrition, this review emphasizes enteral nutrition, which should be started early and rapidly increased. To minimize the side effects of parenteral nutrition and improve outcomes, early full enteral nutrition based on expressed mothers’ own milk is an important goal. Although neonatal nutrition has improved in recent decades, existing knowledge about, for example, the optimal composition and duration of parenteral nutrition, practical aspects of the transition to full enteral nutrition or the need for breast milk fortification is limited and intensively discussed. Therefore, further prospective studies on various aspects of preterm infant feeding are needed, especially with regard to the effects on long-term outcomes. This narrative review will summarize currently available and still missing evidence regarding optimal preterm infant nutrition, with emphasis on enteral nutrition and early postnatal growth, and deduce a practical approach.
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spelling pubmed-83043912021-07-25 Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants Wiechers, Cornelia Bernhard, Wolfgang Goelz, Rangmar Poets, Christian F. Franz, Axel R. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Providing adequate amounts of all essential macro- and micronutrients to preterm infants during the period of extraordinarily rapid growth from 24 to 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age to achieve growth as in utero is challenging yet important, since early growth restriction and suboptimal neonatal nutrition have been identified as risk factors for adverse long-term development. Along with now well-established early parenteral nutrition, this review emphasizes enteral nutrition, which should be started early and rapidly increased. To minimize the side effects of parenteral nutrition and improve outcomes, early full enteral nutrition based on expressed mothers’ own milk is an important goal. Although neonatal nutrition has improved in recent decades, existing knowledge about, for example, the optimal composition and duration of parenteral nutrition, practical aspects of the transition to full enteral nutrition or the need for breast milk fortification is limited and intensively discussed. Therefore, further prospective studies on various aspects of preterm infant feeding are needed, especially with regard to the effects on long-term outcomes. This narrative review will summarize currently available and still missing evidence regarding optimal preterm infant nutrition, with emphasis on enteral nutrition and early postnatal growth, and deduce a practical approach. MDPI 2021-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8304391/ /pubmed/34300000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147544 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wiechers, Cornelia
Bernhard, Wolfgang
Goelz, Rangmar
Poets, Christian F.
Franz, Axel R.
Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title_full Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title_fullStr Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title_short Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants
title_sort optimizing early neonatal nutrition and dietary pattern in premature infants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300000
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147544
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