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Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus

Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus (RSE and SRSE) are life-threatening conditions requiring prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to avoid permanent neurological damage and reduce morbidity and mortality. RSE is defined as status epilepticus that persists despite administering a...

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Autores principales: Alolayan, Yazeed S., McKinley, Kelly, Bhatia, Ritwik, Alkhachroum, Ayham
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300194
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143028
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author Alolayan, Yazeed S.
McKinley, Kelly
Bhatia, Ritwik
Alkhachroum, Ayham
author_facet Alolayan, Yazeed S.
McKinley, Kelly
Bhatia, Ritwik
Alkhachroum, Ayham
author_sort Alolayan, Yazeed S.
collection PubMed
description Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus (RSE and SRSE) are life-threatening conditions requiring prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to avoid permanent neurological damage and reduce morbidity and mortality. RSE is defined as status epilepticus that persists despite administering at least two appropriately dosed parenteral medications, including a benzodiazepine. SRSE is status epilepticus that persists at least 24 h after adding at least one appropriately dosed continuous anesthetic (i.e., midazolam, propofol, pentobarbital, and ketamine). Other therapeutic interventions include immunotherapy, neuromodulation, ketogenic diet, or even surgical intervention in certain cases. Continuous electroencephalogram is an essential monitoring tool for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on the diagnosis and treatment of RSE and SRSE.
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spelling pubmed-83046182021-07-25 Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus Alolayan, Yazeed S. McKinley, Kelly Bhatia, Ritwik Alkhachroum, Ayham J Clin Med Review Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus (RSE and SRSE) are life-threatening conditions requiring prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to avoid permanent neurological damage and reduce morbidity and mortality. RSE is defined as status epilepticus that persists despite administering at least two appropriately dosed parenteral medications, including a benzodiazepine. SRSE is status epilepticus that persists at least 24 h after adding at least one appropriately dosed continuous anesthetic (i.e., midazolam, propofol, pentobarbital, and ketamine). Other therapeutic interventions include immunotherapy, neuromodulation, ketogenic diet, or even surgical intervention in certain cases. Continuous electroencephalogram is an essential monitoring tool for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on the diagnosis and treatment of RSE and SRSE. MDPI 2021-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8304618/ /pubmed/34300194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143028 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alolayan, Yazeed S.
McKinley, Kelly
Bhatia, Ritwik
Alkhachroum, Ayham
Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title_full Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title_fullStr Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title_full_unstemmed Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title_short Review and Updates on the Treatment of Refractory and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus
title_sort review and updates on the treatment of refractory and super refractory status epilepticus
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300194
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143028
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