Cargando…

Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab

Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull)...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brouwer, Anne-Marie, van Beers, Jasper J., Sabu, Priya, Stuldreher, Ivo V., Zech, Hilmar G., Kaneko, Daisuke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071440
_version_ 1783727545032638464
author Brouwer, Anne-Marie
van Beers, Jasper J.
Sabu, Priya
Stuldreher, Ivo V.
Zech, Hilmar G.
Kaneko, Daisuke
author_facet Brouwer, Anne-Marie
van Beers, Jasper J.
Sabu, Priya
Stuldreher, Ivo V.
Zech, Hilmar G.
Kaneko, Daisuke
author_sort Brouwer, Anne-Marie
collection PubMed
description Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull) or away (push) in response to images presented on the phone. We here tested the mAAT reaction time and the mAAT distance in a study with 71 Dutch participants that were recruited online and performed an experiment without coming to the laboratory. The participants used both the mAAT and (explicit) rating scales to respond to photographic images of food. As hypothesized, the rated wanting, rated valence and mAAT reaction time indicated a preference for palatable over unpalatable food, and for Dutch over Asian food. Additionally, as expected, arousal was rated higher for unpalatable than for palatable food, and higher for Dutch than for Asian food. The mAAT distance indicated that the unpalatable food images were moved across larger distances, regardless of the movement direction (pull or push), compared to the palatable food images; and the Dutch food images were moved across larger distances than the Asian food images. We conclude that the mAAT can be used to implicitly probe approach–avoidance motivation for complex images in the food domain. The new measure of mAAT distance may be used as an implicit measure of arousal. The ratings and the mAAT measures do not reflect the exact same information and may complement each other. Implicit measures, such as mAAT variables, are particularly valuable when response biases that can occur when using explicit ratings are expected.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8305314
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-83053142021-07-25 Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab Brouwer, Anne-Marie van Beers, Jasper J. Sabu, Priya Stuldreher, Ivo V. Zech, Hilmar G. Kaneko, Daisuke Foods Communication Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull) or away (push) in response to images presented on the phone. We here tested the mAAT reaction time and the mAAT distance in a study with 71 Dutch participants that were recruited online and performed an experiment without coming to the laboratory. The participants used both the mAAT and (explicit) rating scales to respond to photographic images of food. As hypothesized, the rated wanting, rated valence and mAAT reaction time indicated a preference for palatable over unpalatable food, and for Dutch over Asian food. Additionally, as expected, arousal was rated higher for unpalatable than for palatable food, and higher for Dutch than for Asian food. The mAAT distance indicated that the unpalatable food images were moved across larger distances, regardless of the movement direction (pull or push), compared to the palatable food images; and the Dutch food images were moved across larger distances than the Asian food images. We conclude that the mAAT can be used to implicitly probe approach–avoidance motivation for complex images in the food domain. The new measure of mAAT distance may be used as an implicit measure of arousal. The ratings and the mAAT measures do not reflect the exact same information and may complement each other. Implicit measures, such as mAAT variables, are particularly valuable when response biases that can occur when using explicit ratings are expected. MDPI 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8305314/ /pubmed/34206278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071440 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Brouwer, Anne-Marie
van Beers, Jasper J.
Sabu, Priya
Stuldreher, Ivo V.
Zech, Hilmar G.
Kaneko, Daisuke
Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title_full Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title_fullStr Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title_full_unstemmed Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title_short Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
title_sort measuring implicit approach–avoidance tendencies towards food using a mobile phone outside the lab
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071440
work_keys_str_mv AT brouwerannemarie measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab
AT vanbeersjasperj measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab
AT sabupriya measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab
AT stuldreherivov measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab
AT zechhilmarg measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab
AT kanekodaisuke measuringimplicitapproachavoidancetendenciestowardsfoodusingamobilephoneoutsidethelab