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Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration
For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144290 |
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author | Xiong, Shijian Shang, Fanjie Chen, Ken Lu, Shengyong Tang, Shaofu Li, Xiaodong Cen, Kefa |
author_facet | Xiong, Shijian Shang, Fanjie Chen, Ken Lu, Shengyong Tang, Shaofu Li, Xiaodong Cen, Kefa |
author_sort | Xiong, Shijian |
collection | PubMed |
description | For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to tunable-laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS) for 168 h. PCDD/F emissions range from 0.01 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3) to 2.37 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3), with 44% of values below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3) (the national standard). In addition, the temperature of the furnace outlet, bed pressure, and oxygen content are considered as key operating parameters among the 13 operating parameters comprising four temperature parameters, four pressure parameters, four flow parameters, and oxygen content. More specifically, maintaining the furnace outlet temperature to be higher than 800 °C, or bed pressure higher than 13 kPa, or the oxygen content stably and above 10% are effective methods for reducing PCDD/F emissions. According to the analysis of the Pearson coefficients and maximal information coefficients, there is no significant correlation between operating parameters and PCDD/F I-TEQ. Only when there is a significant change in one of these factors will the PCDD/F emissions also change accordingly. The feedback control of PCDD/F emissions is realized by adjusting the furnace outlet temperature, bed temperature, and bed pressure to control the PCDD/F to be less than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8305602 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83056022021-07-25 Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration Xiong, Shijian Shang, Fanjie Chen, Ken Lu, Shengyong Tang, Shaofu Li, Xiaodong Cen, Kefa Molecules Article For the long-term operation of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), online monitoring and feedback control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) can be used to control the emissions to national or regional standards. In this study, 500 PCDD/F samples were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled to tunable-laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC-TLI-TOFMS) for 168 h. PCDD/F emissions range from 0.01 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3) to 2.37 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3), with 44% of values below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3) (the national standard). In addition, the temperature of the furnace outlet, bed pressure, and oxygen content are considered as key operating parameters among the 13 operating parameters comprising four temperature parameters, four pressure parameters, four flow parameters, and oxygen content. More specifically, maintaining the furnace outlet temperature to be higher than 800 °C, or bed pressure higher than 13 kPa, or the oxygen content stably and above 10% are effective methods for reducing PCDD/F emissions. According to the analysis of the Pearson coefficients and maximal information coefficients, there is no significant correlation between operating parameters and PCDD/F I-TEQ. Only when there is a significant change in one of these factors will the PCDD/F emissions also change accordingly. The feedback control of PCDD/F emissions is realized by adjusting the furnace outlet temperature, bed temperature, and bed pressure to control the PCDD/F to be less than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm(3). MDPI 2021-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8305602/ /pubmed/34299565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144290 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Xiong, Shijian Shang, Fanjie Chen, Ken Lu, Shengyong Tang, Shaofu Li, Xiaodong Cen, Kefa Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title | Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title_full | Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title_fullStr | Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title_full_unstemmed | Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title_short | Stable and Effective Online Monitoring and Feedback Control of PCDD/F during Municipal Waste Incineration |
title_sort | stable and effective online monitoring and feedback control of pcdd/f during municipal waste incineration |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299565 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144290 |
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