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The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization

One of the most studied metabolic routes is the biosynthesis of histidine, especially in enterobacteria where a single compact operon composed of eight adjacent genes encodes the complete set of biosynthetic enzymes. It is still not clear how his genes were organized in the genome of the last univer...

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Autores principales: Del Duca, Sara, Riccardi, Christopher, Vassallo, Alberto, Fontana, Giulia, Castronovo, Lara Mitia, Chioccioli, Sofia, Fani, Renato
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361875
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071439
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author Del Duca, Sara
Riccardi, Christopher
Vassallo, Alberto
Fontana, Giulia
Castronovo, Lara Mitia
Chioccioli, Sofia
Fani, Renato
author_facet Del Duca, Sara
Riccardi, Christopher
Vassallo, Alberto
Fontana, Giulia
Castronovo, Lara Mitia
Chioccioli, Sofia
Fani, Renato
author_sort Del Duca, Sara
collection PubMed
description One of the most studied metabolic routes is the biosynthesis of histidine, especially in enterobacteria where a single compact operon composed of eight adjacent genes encodes the complete set of biosynthetic enzymes. It is still not clear how his genes were organized in the genome of the last universal common ancestor community. The aim of this work was to analyze the structure, organization, phylogenetic distribution, and degree of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of his genes in the Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota superphylum, a group of phylogenetically close bacteria with different surviving strategies. The analysis of the large variety of his gene structures and organizations revealed different scenarios with genes organized in more or less compact—heterogeneous or homogeneous—operons, in suboperons, or in regulons. The organization of his genes in the extant members of the superphylum suggests that in the common ancestor of this group, genes were scattered throughout the chromosome and that different forces have driven the assembly of his genes in compact operons. Gene fusion events and/or paralog formation, HGT of single genes or entire operons between strains of the same or different taxonomic groups, and other molecular rearrangements shaped the his gene structure in this superphylum.
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spelling pubmed-83057282021-07-25 The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization Del Duca, Sara Riccardi, Christopher Vassallo, Alberto Fontana, Giulia Castronovo, Lara Mitia Chioccioli, Sofia Fani, Renato Microorganisms Article One of the most studied metabolic routes is the biosynthesis of histidine, especially in enterobacteria where a single compact operon composed of eight adjacent genes encodes the complete set of biosynthetic enzymes. It is still not clear how his genes were organized in the genome of the last universal common ancestor community. The aim of this work was to analyze the structure, organization, phylogenetic distribution, and degree of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of his genes in the Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota superphylum, a group of phylogenetically close bacteria with different surviving strategies. The analysis of the large variety of his gene structures and organizations revealed different scenarios with genes organized in more or less compact—heterogeneous or homogeneous—operons, in suboperons, or in regulons. The organization of his genes in the extant members of the superphylum suggests that in the common ancestor of this group, genes were scattered throughout the chromosome and that different forces have driven the assembly of his genes in compact operons. Gene fusion events and/or paralog formation, HGT of single genes or entire operons between strains of the same or different taxonomic groups, and other molecular rearrangements shaped the his gene structure in this superphylum. MDPI 2021-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8305728/ /pubmed/34361875 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071439 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Del Duca, Sara
Riccardi, Christopher
Vassallo, Alberto
Fontana, Giulia
Castronovo, Lara Mitia
Chioccioli, Sofia
Fani, Renato
The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title_full The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title_fullStr The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title_full_unstemmed The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title_short The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization
title_sort histidine biosynthetic genes in the superphylum bacteroidota-rhodothermota-balneolota-chlorobiota: insights into the evolution of gene structure and organization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8305728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361875
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071439
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